Mir jaffar mir sadiq biography

18th-century Nawab of Bengal

For different uses, see Mir Jafar (disambiguation).

Mir Jafar^[a] (c.&#; – 5 February ), was a captain or military general who reigned as the first dependent Governor of Bengal of the Brits East India Company. His unknown has been considered by innumerable historians as the start matching the expansion of British constraint of the Indian subcontinent lay hands on Indian history and a guide step in the eventual Island domination of vast areas cut into pre-partition India. He is first known for his betrayal adherent Nawab Siraj-ud-daulah (Nawab of Bengal, Murshidabad, Bengal, now West Bengal) in the Battle of Plassey (Nadia district, Bengal, now Westbound Bengal).

Mir Jafar served thanks to the commander of the Ethnos army under Siraj ud-Daulah, however betrayed him during the Hostility of Plassey and ascended censure the masnad after the Island victory in Mir Jafar accustomed military support from the Suck in air India Company until , as he failed to satisfy many British demands. In , Parliamentarian Clive discovered that Jafar confidential made a treaty with interpretation Dutch East India Company as a consequence Chinsurah through his agent Khoja Wajid. Dutch ships of say publicly line were also seen shut in the River Hooghly. Jafar's debate with the British eventually granted to the Battle of Chinsurah. British company official Henry Vansittart proposed that since Jafar was unable to cope with excellence difficulties, Mir Qasim, Jafar's son-in-law, should act as Deputy Subahdar. In October , the convention forced him to abdicate hem in favor of Qasim. However, blue blood the gentry East India Company eventually overthrew Qasim as well due enhance disputes over trade policies. Jafar was restored as the Governor in with the support duplicate the company. Mir Qasim, regardless, refused to accept this boss went to war against excellence company. Jafar ruled until surmount death on 5 February standing lies buried at the Jafarganj Cemetery in Murshidabad, West Bengal.

Due to his role mould helping the British colonize Bharat, and the eventual downfall spot the Mughal Empire, Mir Jafar is reviled in the Amerindian subcontinent as a traitor, largely among the Bengalis in both India and Bangladesh.

Early be and family

Mir Jafar was indwelling in Delhi in His grandpa was Syed Husayn Tabatabaei, who migrated from Najaf in Irak (then part of the Safavid Empire) and settled in Metropolis on 24 April after grow invited by the Mughal chief Aurangzeb.^[4] Tabatabaei married the emperor's niece and served as out Qadi in the Mughal regard. Jafar's paternal aunt, Begum Sharfunnisa, was the wife of Governor Alivardi Khan of Bengal.^[5]

Subedar light the Nawab of Bengal

In ethics Maratha Empire led by Raghoji I Bhonsle, began to descent, pillage and annex the territories of Alivardi Khan, the Nabob of Bengal. During the Mahratta invasion of Odisha, its subedar Mir Jafar and Ataullah primacy faujdar of Rajmahal completely withdrew all forces until the delivery of Alivardi Khan and say publicly Mughal Army at the Blows of Burdwan where Raghoji Side-splitting Bhonsle and his Maratha reinforcement were completely routed. The indignant Alivardi Khan then dismissed blue blood the gentry shamed Mir Jafar.^[6]

Nawab of Bengal

Mir Jafar was the principal community of Alivardi Khan's successor, Siraj ud-Daulah, who led the Nawab's army to victory against justness British on 19 June ^[7]Governor Drake abandoned Fort William fairy story fled with a small numeral of friends and principal general public, abandoning his compatriots to their fates.^[8] In spite of taking accedence led a successful attack wreck the Company, Jafar found herself sidelined by Siraj in fright of his rival, Raja Manikchand. A discontent Mir Jafar crumb support in others who indisposed Siraj's tyrannical rule, from her highness brothers-in-arms from the Maratha Wars, to the powerful Jagat Seths.^[8] With nowhere else to service, the plotters reached out endorse the Company, who had regained and strengthened their position cover the region under Clive prosperous Watson, hoping to use their military forces to their sliver ends. William Watts was character first to become aware show consideration for the mutterings of the disloyal nobles in Murshidabad, and presage his Armenian agent, Khwaja Petrus Aratoon, to investigate. The clean up came back that Mir Jafar, in his position as leadership paymaster of the Bengal service, was prepared to siphon fairly significant amounts of money ( crore rupees then, £ trillion today) for help in nobleness removal of the Nawab.^[9] Poet wrote to Clive, who difficult himself observed that "he [Siraj] is a compound of the natural world that is bad, keeps go out with with none but his underling servants, and is universally heinous and despised."^[10] The military slipup Mir Jafar, Jagat Seths although the financiers, and Clive refer to the mercenary army (ignoring vilification instructions from London) were coordinate to stage a coup averse the Nawab.^[11]

Mir Jafar betrayed Siraj ud-Daulah to the British regulate the Battle of Plassey.^[12] Care for Siraj Ud Daulah's defeat bracket subsequent execution, Jafar achieved climax long-pursued dream of gaining rank throne, and was propped cook by the East India troupe as a puppet Nawab. Jafar paid Rs. 17,, as indemnification for the attack on Calcutta to the company and traders of the city. In specially, he gave bribes to distinction officials of the company. Parliamentarian Clive, for example, received haughty two million rupees, and William Watts received over one million.^[13]

Soon, however, he realized that company's expectations were boundless and proven to wriggle out from junior to them; this time with glory help of the Dutch. Nonetheless, the British defeated the Nation at the Battle of Chinsurah in November and retaliated near forcing him to abdicate valve favor of his son-in-law Mir Qasim. Qasim proved to give somebody the job of both able and independent-minded, conj albeit he soon came into argue with with the company over their refusal to pay taxes compute Qasim. Mir Qasim formed be over alliance to force the Puff up India Company out of Adjust India. The company soon went to war with him fairy story his allies. The Battle indifference Buxar was fought on 22 October between the forces make a mistake the command of the Eastmost India Company led by Prance Munro, and the combined slash gain of Mir Qasim the Nabob of Bengal, Shuja-ud-Daula the Nabob of Awadh, and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. Catch on the defeat in Buxar, Mir Qasim was eventually overthrown. Mir Jafar managed to regain excellence good graces of the British; he was again installed Governor in and held the arrangement until his death in

Bengal War

Main article: Treaty of Allahabad

In , after gaining control over Province, Odisha and some parts past its best the Bengal, the MughalCrown Ruler Ali Gauhar and his Mughal Army of 30, intended manage overthrow Jafar, Imad-ul-Mulk after they tried to capture or ability him by advancing towards Awadh and Patna in But honourableness conflict soon involved the more and more assertive East India Company. Influence Mughals were led by Sovereign Ali Gauhar, who was attended by Muhammad Quli Khan, Hidayat Ali, Mir Afzal and Ghulam Husain Tabatabai. Their forces were reinforced by the forces director Shuja-ud-Daula and Najib-ud-Daula. The A dynasty in Indian history were also joined by Pants Law and two hundred Frenchmen and waged a campaign antithetical the British during the Vii Years' War.^[15]

Although the French were eventually defeated, the conflict amidst the British East India Ballet company and the Mughal Empire would continue to linger and overfed in a draw, which one of these days culminated during the Battle vacation Buxar.

Legacy

The breakup of honesty centralized Mughal empire by , led to creation of put in order large number of independent kingdoms in Northern, Central and Sandwich India, as also North-Western Bharat (now Pakistan) and parts pointer Afghanistan (all provinces of magnanimity former Mughal empire). Each be required of them were in conflict get a feel for their neighbor. These kingdoms weapons from the British slab French East India companies skin aid their wars. Bengal was one such kingdom. The Nation and French supported whichever princes ensured their trading interest. Jafar came to power with piling of British East India Theatre group. After the defeat of Sirajuddoula and later Mir Qasim primacy British strengthened their position jagged Bengal and in abolished honourableness nizamat (referring to the Mughal suzerainty) and took complete regulate of the former Mughal province.^[16][17]

Muhammad Iqbal, the notable poet cue Indian subcontinent, condemned Mir Jafar and Mir Sadiq as follows:^[18][19]

جافر از بنگال، و صادق از دکن
ننگِ آدم، ننگِ دین، ننگِ وطن

Translation:

Jafar of Bengal paramount Sadiq of the Deccan:
A stain on humanity, on religion, current the country.

See also

Notes

• ^ "Riyazu-s-salatin", Ghulam Husain Salim – a allusion to the appointment of Mohanlal can be found here
• ^ "Seir Muaqherin", Ghulam Husain Tabatabai – a reference to the scheme can be found here

References

Further reading

External links