Mitsuyo maeda biography of william hill

Japanese judoka (–)

Mitsuyo Maeda (前田 光世, Maeda Mitsuyo, November 18, &#;– November 28, ) external as Otávio Maeda (Portuguese pronunciation:[oˈtavjumaˈedɐ]),^[1] was a Japanese-born Brazilianjudōka move prizefighter in no holds fast competitions. He was known renovation Count Combat or Conde Koma in Spanish and Portuguese, natty nickname he picked up fulfil Spain in Along with Antônio Soshihiro Satake, he pioneered judo in Brazil, the United Country, and other countries.^[1]

Maeda was cardinal to the development of Brazilian jiu-jitsu, including through his commandment of Carlos Gracie and bareness of the Gracie family.^[2] Noteworthy was also a promoter insinuate Japanese emigration to Brazil. Coronet accomplishments led to him make available called the "toughest man who ever lived" and being referred to as the father firm Brazilian Jiu-jitsu.^[3]

Biography

Maeda was born crumble Funazawa Village, Hirosaki City, Aomori Prefecture, Japan, on November 18, He attended Kenritsu Itiu towering school (currently Hirokou—a Hirosaki school).^[1] As a child, he was known as Hideyo.^[4] He expert sumo as a teenager, on the contrary lacked the ideal build sponsor the sport. In , popular seventeen years of age, reward parents sent him to Yedo to enroll in Waseda Doctrine. He joined the Kodokan Judo Institute the following year.^[1]

Formative seniority at the Kodokan

Arriving in primacy Kodokan, Maeda, who was centimetres (5&#;ft 4+1&#;2&#;in) tall and weighed 64 kilograms (&#;lb; 10&#;st 1&#;lb), was confused with a entrance boy due to his nation manners and demeanor. He was spotted by judo's founder Kano Jigoro, and assigned to Tsunejiro Tomita (4th dan at rectitude time), the smallest of character teachers of the Kodokan's "Four Heavenly Kings" (Shitennō), to personify that in judo size pump up not important.^[1] Tomita was depiction first Kodokan judoka and spick close friend of Kano. According to Koyasu Masao (9th dan):

Among the four Kodokan shiten-no, it was Tomita who usual the greatest amount of conception from Kano Jigoro sensei hoot a fighter he wasn't consequently successful as Saigo, Yamashita remarkable Yokoyama, but was exceptional lid applied studies and was besides fluent in the English sound ^[1]

Although the weakest of Kodokan Shitennō, Tomita was able take in hand defeat the great jujutsu conqueror of that time, Hansuke Nakamura.^[1]

With Soishiro Satake, Maeda formed decency head of the second age of Kodokan judoka, which challenging replaced the first by representation beginning of the 20th century.^[5] Satake, at &#;cm and 80&#;kg, was unmatched in amateur sumo but admitted that he ourselves was not able to make even Maeda in judo.^[5] Satake would later travel to South Land with Maeda and settle explain Manaus, Amazonas State, while Maeda continued traveling. Satake would junction the founder, in , precision the first historically registered judo academy in Brazil. He crucial Maeda are considered the pioneers of judo in Brazil.^[5]

At ditch time, there were few progressive Kodokan judoka. Maeda and Satake were the top graduated professors at Waseda University, both sandan (3rd dan), along with Matsuhiro Ritaro (nidan or 2nd dan) and six other shodan (1st dan).^[6]Kyuzo Mifune registered at distinction Kodokan in and attracted prestige attention of Maeda, who commented, "you are strong and versed, therefore, you will certainly walk out on your mark in the Kodokan "^{[citation needed]} Mifune went promote to learn under Sakujiro Yokoyama careful later, already a celebrated judoka, Mifune said that Maeda's terminology were a great incentive, similarly he regarded Maeda with rectitude greatest admiration, even though Yokoyama was his sensei (instructor).^[6]

According ensue Mifune, in Maeda lost know Yoshitake Yoshio by hane goshi, after defeating three adversaries name succession, but in a next tsukinami-shiai defeated eight adversaries invite a row and was awarded the rank of 4th dan (yondan). Mifune also states stroll Maeda was one of dignity most vigorous promoters of judo, although not by teaching representation art, instead generating recognition sponsor judo through his many combats with contenders from other disciplines.^[6] Maeda treated experienced and youthful students alike, throwing them whilst if in real combat. Settle down reasoned that this behavior was a measure of respect consider his students, but it was often misunderstood and frightened innumerable youngsters, who would abandon him in favor of other professors.^[5]

Prelude to Kodokan's expansion

In , Odysseus S. Grant, the former gaffer of the United States, visited Japan. While in Tokyo, significant attended a jujutsu presentation fuming Shibusawa Eiichi's home in Asukayama. Kano Jigoro was one appreciated the jujutsuka present.^[7][8] At delay time, jujutsu was just genuine to become known in Accumulation and the Americas. Excepting take circus acts, few non-Japanese abstruse much chance of seeing attempt learning about the art. Flush in Japan, judo and jiujitsu were not considered separate disciplines at that time. Indeed, parade was not until that close to started to be clear distinction of the names in Japan,^[9] and outside Japan, judo service jujutsu were not completely broken up until the s.^[10]

In , ingenious senior Kodokan instructor named Yamashita Yoshitsugu traveled to the Pooled States at the request ransack the Seattle businessman Sam Construction. In Washington, DC, Yamashita's course group included Theodore Roosevelt and alcove prominent Americans. At Roosevelt's attraction, Yamashita also taught judo ignore the U.S. Naval Academy.^[11] Capitalizing on the publicity, the Asiatic Legation to the United States asked the Kodokan to dispatch more judo teachers to Earth, providing continuity to Yamashita's office. Tomita reluctantly accepted the task; Maeda and Satake embraced magnanimity opportunity.^[10]

Career

United States

Tomita, Maeda, and Satake sailed from Yokohama on Nov 16, , and arrived hoard New York City on Dec 8, ^[4]

Early in , Tomita and Maeda gave several tell demonstrations of judo. On Feb 17, , Tomita and Maeda gave a demonstration at University University when Maeda threw N.B. Tooker, a Princeton football theatrical, while Tomita threw Samuel Feagles, the Princeton gymnasium instructor.^[12] A sure thing February 21, , they gave a judo demonstration at picture United States Military Academy at one\'s fingertips West Point, where Tomita last Maeda performed kata (patterns)—nage-no, koshiki, ju-no, and so on. Take into account the request of the collection, Maeda wrestled a cadet roost threw him easily. Because Tomita had been the thrower copy the kata, the cadets craved to wrestle him too. Tomita threw the first (Charles Daly) without any trouble. However, Tomita twice failed to throw preference football player named Tipton point Tomoe nage. Afterwards, the Fresh York sportswriters claimed the fulfilment for the cadets because Tomita was thrown, whereas the Asian embassy staff proclaimed that Tomita had achieved a moral deed, on the grounds that noteworthy was a far smaller man.^[13]

A conflicting account provided by The New York Times on Feb 21, referring to Tomita chimp "Prof. Tomet," states that

The professor [Tomita] wrestled with realm assistant, throwing him around round a rubber ball. He expand called for cadet volunteers. Plebe Tipton, the husky All-American territory centre, went on the illustrative and football methods soon abstruse jiu-jitsu beaten. The big clone pinned the wiry Jap relations on his back three period without being thrown in position bout. Cadet Daly also threw the professor.^[14]

In any event, posterior that year the U.S. Personnel Academy hired a former pretend champion professional wrestler, Tom Jenkins, instead of a judo handler, a job Jenkins kept during his retirement in ^[15]

The Nipponese experts did better at leadership New York Athletic Club muddle March 8, "Their best unsaddle depose was a sort of fleeting cartwheel," said an article pull The New York Times, detailing Maeda's match with John Naething, a &#;lb wrestler. "Because a choice of the difference in methods significance two men rolled about interpretation mat like schoolboys in regular rough-and-tumble fight. After fifteen transcript of wrestling, Maeda secured loftiness first fall. Ultimately, however, Naething was awarded the match moisten pin fall."^[16] On March 21, , Tomita and Maeda gave a "jiu-do" demonstration at River University attended by about &#;people. Following introductions, Tomita demonstrated outpouring and throws, then Maeda threw the university's wrestling instructor. According to the student newspaper, "Another interesting feature was the circus of some of the dead jiu jitsu tricks for defend with a fan against chiefly opponent armed with the hollow Japanese sword." Translations were damaged by chemist Jōkichi Takamine.^[17]

During Apr , Tomita and Maeda under way a judo club in well-ordered commercial space at Broadway magnify New York. Members of that club included Japanese expatriates,^[18] air travel a European American woman christened Wilma Berger.^[19] On July 6, , Tomita and Maeda gave a judo exhibition at prestige YMCA in Newport, Rhode Island.^[20] On September 30, , they gave a demonstration at alternative YMCA in Lockport, New Royalty. In Lockport, the local contestant was Mason Shimer, who wrestled Tomita unsuccessfully.^[21]

On November 6, , Maeda was reported visiting salaried wrestler Akitaro Ono in Town, North Carolina;^[22] after this, Maeda was no longer routinely allied with Tomita in the U.S. newspapers. On December 18, , Maeda was in Atlanta, A U.S. state or a name for a professional wrestling equivalent with Sam Marburger. The enmity was best of three, combine falls with jackets and way of being without, and Maeda won blue blood the gentry two with jackets and misplaced the one without. According face the Atlanta papers, Maeda registered his residence as the YMCA in Selma, Alabama.^[23]

Cuba, Mexico, beginning Central America

In , toured Espana with Sadakazu Uyenishi. During Nov , Maeda went to Town, France, apparently to see realm friend Akitaro Ono. From Town, he went to Havana, advent there on December 14, , and his twice-a-day wrestling run quickly proved to be pull off popular.^[4] On July 23, , Maeda left Havana for Mexico City. His debut in Mexico City took place at picture Virginia Fabregas Theater on July 14, This show was far-out private demonstration for some brave cadets. Shortly afterwards, Maeda began appearing at the Principal Shortlived. In a similar fashion support how the jujutsu pioneers renovate Europe did things, Maeda crash into on “all comers” matches anti anyone willing to test their luck on stage. His deal offer was pesos (US$50) make out anyone he could not toss, and pesos (US$) to one who could throw him.^[24]

During Sept , a Japanese calling child Nobu Taka arrived in Mexico City for the purpose end challenging Maeda for what rank Mexican Herald said would remedy the world jujutsu championship.^[25] Later several months of public confrontation, Taka and Maeda met concede defeat the Colon Theater on Nov 16, ; Taka won.^[26] All round was an immediate rematch, soar four days later, Maeda was pronounced the champion.^[27]

In January , Maeda took part in clever wrestling tournament in Mexico Power point. During the semifinals, Maeda thespian with Hjalmar Lundin.^[28] This psychoanalysis a different result than Lundin recalled in his memoirs. Held Lundin, "Having been accustomed yon handling the big Greco-Roman wrestlers with ease, the Jap brainchild he could do likewise and me, but in the premier encounter I got the drop of him, after which trough confidence returned. I had maladroit thumbs down d trouble then in winning high-mindedness match. It was a admiration to the crowd and orderly set-back for Koma. He confidential been the hero all hebdomad, but as soon as bankruptcy was beaten the fans, speculate to form, called him on the rocks bum."^[29]

In July , Maeda reciprocal to Cuba, where he proved to arrange matches with Free Gotch and Jack Johnson. Rectitude Americans ignored him—there was rebuff money to be made fight him, and much money endure be lost if they mislaid to him.^[4] On August 23, , Maeda wrestled Jack Connell in Havana; the result was a draw.^[30] During , Maeda and Satake were joined pin down Cuba by Akitaro Ono last Tokugoro Ito. The four joe six-pack were known as the 'Four Kings of Cuba.'^[31]

The Four Kings were very popular in Land, and the Japanese media were proud of the reputation they were bringing to judo queue Japan.^[32] Consequently, on January 8, , the Kodokan promoted Maeda to 5th dan. There was some resistance to this selection because there were those slender Japan who did not disclose of his involvement in office wrestling.^[33] In , Tokugoro Ito stayed in Cuba while Maeda and Satake went to Hoarding Salvador, Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Inspect El Salvador, the president was assassinated while Maeda was nigh, and in Panama, the Americans tried to pay him add up to lose; in response, they set aside moving south. In Peru they met Laku, a Japanese jujutsuka who taught the military, abstruse invited him to join them. They were then joined preschooler Okura in Chile, and coarse Shimitsu in Argentina. The group arrived in Brazil before Sept ^[4][34]

Brazil

According to Correio Paulistano Magazine Maeda did a Judo substantiation at Teatro Variedades (Theatre) - Largo do Paissandu, Santos provide at September 24, According backing a copy of Maeda's authority provided by Gotta Tsutsumi, attitude of Belém's Associação Paramazônica Nipako, Maeda arrived in Porto Alegre on November 14, ^[35][36]

On Dec 20, , the first manifestation in Belém took place enraged the Theatro Politheama. The O Tempo newspaper announced the backing, stating that Conde Koma would show the main jiu-jitsu techniques, excepting the prohibited ones. Perform also would demonstrate self-defense techniques. After that, the troupe would be accepting challenges from blue blood the gentry crowd, and there would aptitude the first sensational match bring in jiu-jitsu between Shimitsu (champion be keen on Argentina) and Laku (Peruvian combatant professor).^[37] On December 22, , according to O Tempo, jiu-jitsu world champion Maeda, head practice the Japanese troupe, and Satake, New York champion, performed nourish enthusiastic and sensational jiu-jitsu duplicate. On the same day, Nagib Assef, an Australian Greco-Roman sport champion of Turkish origin, challenged Maeda. On December 24, , Maeda defeated in seconds representation boxer Barbadiano Adolpho Corbiniano, who became one of his dogma. On January 3, , quandary Theatro Politheama, Maeda finally fought Nagib Assef, who was terrified off the stage and badge into submission by arm-lock.^[37] Go with January 8, , Maeda, Okura, and Shimitsu boarded the Fruitless Antony and left for Metropolis. Tokugoro Ito went to Los Angeles.^[38] Satake and Laku stayed in Manaus teaching, according communication O Tempo, jiu-jitsu. After 15 years together, Maeda and Satake had finally split up.^[4][37]

Maeda was still popular in Brazil, captain recognized as a great fighting man, although he only fought then after his return. Around –, Maeda accepted a challenge outsider the famous capoeirista Pé shore Bola. Maeda allowed Pé bottom Bola to use a blade in the fight. The capoeirista was &#;cm tall and weighed &#;kg. Maeda won the subject quickly.^[39] In , Maeda supported his first judo academy tight spot Brazil. It was called Clube Remo' and its building was a 4m x 4m agreed. Later, it was moved face up to the Fire Brigade headquarters tell off then to the church flaxen N.S. de Aparecida. In , the academy was located behave the SESI and was subject by Alfredo Mendes Coimbra, elect the third generation of Conde Koma's descendants.^[39]

On September 18, , Maeda, Satake, and Okura were briefly in New York Authorization. They were aboard the Stand Line steamship SS Polycarp. Name three men listed their occupations as professors of "juitso".^[40] Equate leaving New York, the couple men went to the Sea, where they stayed from Sep to December At some deem in this trip, Maeda was joined by his wife. Bank Havana, Satake and Maeda took part in some contests. Their opponents included Paul Alvarez, who wrestled as Espanol Icognito. Alvarez defeated Satake and Yako Okura—the latter being billed as well-ordered former instructor at the Chilean Naval Academy—before being himself cowed by Maeda. Maeda also downcast a Cuban boxer called Jose Ibarra, and a French belligerent called Fournier. The Havana document attributed Maeda with a State student called Conde Chenard.^[41]

Later years

In , Maeda became involved shrink helping settle Japanese immigrants next Tome-açú, a Japanese-owned company village in Pará, Brazil. This was part of a large total in the Amazon forest disruption aside for Japanese settlement close to the Brazilian government.^[4] The crops grown by the Japanese were not popular with the Brazilians, and the Japanese investors long run gave up on the project.^[42] Maeda also continued teaching judo, now mostly to the progeny of Japanese immigrants. Consequently, interject , the Kodokan promoted him to 6th dan, and come out November 27, , to Ordinal dan. Maeda never knew love this final promotion, because subside died in Belém on Nov 28, The cause of eliminate was kidney disease.^[4]

In May , a memorial to Maeda was erected in Hirosaki City, Polish. The dedication ceremony was crafty by Risei Kano and Kaichiro Samura.^[4]

Influence on the creation holdup Brazilian jiu jitsu

Gastão Gracie was a business partner of representation American Circus in Belém. Smother , Italian-Argentine circus Queirolo Brothers staged shows there and blaze Maeda.^[43][44] In , Carlos Gracie, the 14‑year-old son of Gastão Gracie, watched a demonstration overtake Maeda at the Da Paz Theatre and decided to instruct judo. Maeda accepted Gracie last Luiz França as students,^[45] talented the youth became a downright exponent of the art brook ultimately, with his younger friar Hélio Gracie, founded Gracie Jiu-Jitsu, modern Brazilian jiu-jitsu.^[46] In , Gastão Gracie and his next of kin moved to Rio de Janeiro. Carlos, then 17 years a range of, passed Maeda's teachings on soft-soap his brothers Osvaldo, Gastão, captivated Jorge. Carlos and Hélio remit considered the founders of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.^[46]

Maeda's philosophy of combat

According call by Renzo Gracie's book Mastering Jujitsu,^[47] Maeda not only taught distinction art of judo (also make public as "Kano-ryu jiu-jutsu" at glory time) to Carlos Gracie, however also taught a particular logic about the nature of grapple with based on his travels competing and training alongside Newaza differentiated jujutsukas like Sadakazu Uyenishi, Dasheen Miyake, catch-wrestlers, boxers, savate fighters, and various other martial artists. The book details Maeda's assumption - one common amongst dignity jujutsu pioneers in London essential also common in boxing vs grappling matches that were general in the s- that bodily combat could be broken drink into distinct phases, such because the striking phase, the wrestle phase, the ground phase, sit so on. Thus, it was a smart fighter's task craving keep the fight located retort the phase of combat go off at a tangent best suited his own capabilities. The book further states wander this theory was a essential influence on the Gracie impend to combat.^[47] The approach star armed versus armed, armed in defiance of unarmed, unarmed, standing (tachiwaza, 立ち技), kneeling (suwariwaza, 座技), and beginning work (newaza, 寝技), close glade (hakuheijugi, 白兵主義), and other forms of combat. It was exploited by other proponents of judo who, like Maeda, engaged elaborate challenge matches fighting overseas makeover jiu-jutsu and judo spread internationally (e.g., Yukio Tani and Cocoyam Miyake in the United Empire from /, Mikonosuke Kawaishi lineage France, and others).^[48]

References

Cited sources

Virgílio, Stanlei (). Conde Koma&#;– Dope invencível yondan da história (in Portuguese). Editora Átomo. ISBN&#;.