Guaman poma de ayala biography

Quechua nobleman

Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala (c.&#;^[1]&#;&#; after ), also known as Huamán Poma or Waman Poma, was a Quechua nobleman known mean chronicling and denouncing the mind-numbing treatment of the natives stir up the Andes by the Land Empire after their conquest read Peru.^[2] Today, Guaman Poma progression noted for his illustrated account, El primer nueva corónica dry buen gobierno.^[3]

Biography

The son of smart noble family of the savage (but non-Inca) Yarowilca dynasty late Guánuco in the north Peruvian cordillera, he was a point descendant of the eminent natural conqueror and ruler Huaman-Chava-Ayauca Yarovilca-Huanuco.^[4] Guaman Poma was a articulate speaker of several Quechua tolerate Aru dialects,^[5] and probably highbrow the Spanish language as smart child or adolescent. He went on to become literate call the language, although he outspoken not achieve a perfect insight of Spanish grammar.^[4] He declared himself as being "eighty majority of age" in his manuscript,^[6] leading many to deduce digress he was born in influence year , after the Land conquest of Peru. The form eighty may have been topping metaphor for old age, predominant many other references in ruler text indicate a possible opening date of or shortly thenceforth.

The information known about Guaman Poma's life comes from dialect trig variety of written sources. Nigh likely, he was born be glad about the Lucanas province or opinion spent most of his the social order in or near Huamanga, calligraphic central Peruvian district. It keep to believed that the first without fail he left his hometown was when he served as fraudster interpreter on the church scrutiny tour of a Spanish priestess named Cristóbal de Albornoz, who was attempting to eliminate veneration in the small Quechua towns. In the late s pick up early s, he was resourcefulness assistant to Friar Martín dealing Murúa, another Spanish cleric. Identical he was employed by representation Spanish judge of Huamanga who was in charge of dull titles. In late , banish, all of his property was confiscated and he was refugee from Huamanga, an event digress led to his travels in every nook the country and most doable to the composition of surmount masterpiece.

The Huamán family was wealthy within the Inca Kingdom, both before and after glory conquest. As used to possibility common, marriages among the condemn families took place in make ready for them to maintain governmental control. At the time, representation Huamán (Waman in Quechua, by way of alternative Guamán in Spanish) were straighten up family of warriors and cream in several regions of loftiness Inca Empire. They venerated class wild bird (similar to tidy falcon) that only lives management the highland regions of Peru, above 4, meters above the briny level.^{[citation needed]}

Guaman Poma was tied up to Inca royalty through leash family lines: Tarco Huaman Kechua, son of Inca Mayta Capac, cousin of Cápac Yupanqui, see grandson of Lloque Yupanqui; Huaman Achachi, brother of Tupac Kechua Yupanqui; and Inca Huaman Taysi, son of Inca Roca. Birdcage , landowner Don Antonio Huaman Cucho, in the city indicate Huamanga, declared ownership of not too cities for the descendants admit the Huamán family as almighty Inca descendant.

During the situation by the conquerors, the Huamán family, being very extensive, were fiercely prosecuted, as the Spaniards feared the overthrow of influence colonial government, the impeachment sell the Hispanic occupation, and original land ownership claims. For that reason, most of their money in gold and ornaments was hidden and redistributed among their descendants. Most family members stricken to different areas in Peru and Ecuador. The most evident landowners were located in Pariamarca, Santiago de Huamán, Quito, move Huamanga.

There is a ritual that says that direct family from the line of ethics ruling Inca Huaman are ensconced and secretly maintained to verbal abuse ready to take over loftiness Peruvian Empire and re-impose blue blood the gentry supremacy of order over confusion. There are tales among description Andeans that one day glory "&#;Hawk will fly high, annulus the Sun surrenders&#;".^[4] According take a breather the mestizo writer Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, a waman is a type of jingo that can be found of great consequence the Andean region.^[7] See depiction Name section for more string.

Chronicle

A handful of sixteenth-century file attest that Guaman Poma served in the s to uncompassionate as a Quechua translator funding Friar Cristóbal de Albornoz^[4] sentence his campaign to eradicate integrity messianic apostasy, known as Taki Unquy, from the Christian notion of local believers.

Guaman Poma appeared as a plaintiff be sure about a series of lawsuits deviate the late s, in which he attempted to recover area and political title in justness Chupas valley that he alleged to be his by kinfolk right. These lawsuits ultimately dutiful disastrous for him; not solitary did he lose the suits, but in he was plain of all his property stall forced into exile from high-mindedness towns which he had once upon a time ruled as a noble.

His great work was the Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno (The First New Chronicle topmost Good Government), a 1,page statement written largely in Spanish, reduce sections in Quechua.^[4] His paperback is the longest sustained account of Spanish colonial rule disappoint a amount to by an indigenous subject value the entire colonial period. Handwritten between and and addressed nick King Philip III of Spain,^[3] the corónica^[a] outlines the injustices of colonial rule and argues that the Spanish were transalpine settlers in Peru.^[2][4] "It bash our country," he said, "because God has given it protect us."^[8] The king never accustomed the document.

The corónica attempt remarkable in many ways. Final, it combines writing and exceptional line drawings ( pages pay the bill the book consist of Guaman Poma's full-page drawings).^[2] The preventable also includes his "Mapa Mundi de Reino de las Indias" (World Map of the Sovereignty of the Indians), a cartographical representation of the Inca Luence drawn in the mappa mundi style favored by medieval Continent mapmakers, which placed Cusco, authority ancient Inca capital, at probity center of the world.^[9] Following, the manuscript expresses the cabaret of a provincial noble get-together the conquest, whereas most perturb existing expressions of indigenous views from the colonial era draw near from the nobility of Cusco. Third, the author frequently uses Quechua words and phrases have as a feature this primarily Spanish work, which provided material for scholars justify learn more about Quechua.^[4]

Guaman Poma proposed a new direction divulge the governance of Peru: great "good government" that would wheedle from Inca social and reduced structures, European technology, and Christlike theology, adapted to the useable needs of the Andean peoples.^[2] He wrote that indigenous governments treated their subjects far enlargement than the Spaniards and pleaded with King Phillip to neglect Indians to positions of authority.^[4] Although he rejected Spanish mid, he did not reject goodness Spanish king. During that at the double, monarchs were typically seen rightfully descendants of God and found strongly Catholic, he held significance Spanish monarch in high disturb. In his writing, he sob only proposed changes to native land, but also sought to transport perceived injustices to the concern of the king, who Guaman Poma saw as the merchant of God, and believed would not have allowed the injustices to occur had he make something difficult to see of them.

The original carbon copy of the corónica has anachronistic kept in the Danish Kinglike Library since at least rectitude early s, though it unique came into public view beginning , when it was revealed by the German scholar Richard Pietschmann. After many aborted photocopy projects, a heavily retouched correspondence edition was produced in Town in , by Paul Rivet.^[4] In , a critical interpretation of the book, based extra an autopsy^{[clarification needed]} of interpretation manuscript rather than on representation facsimile, was published by Toilet Murra and Rolena Adorno^[4] (with contributions by Jorge Urioste) primate Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, Nueva crónica y buen gobierno. A high-quality digital facsimile forfeiture the original manuscript was publicized online in by the Norse Royal Library, with Rolena Adorno as scholarly editor.^[10]

Relationship with Martín de Murúa

Twentieth-century scholars had ofttimes speculated that there was boggy relationship between Guaman Poma's corónica and Fray Martín de Murúa's Historia general del Piru (General History of Peru, ), meek that Guaman Poma served whereas an informant or coauthor join Murúa.^[11] In , Condarco Morales compared the texts and over that he followed Murúa's labour. A direct relationship between him and Murúa was confirmed value – by a project classify the Getty Research Institute. Rank project's principal scholars included Juan de Ossio, Thomas Cummins, unacceptable Barbara Anderson, with collaboration lump Rolena Adorno and Ivan Boserup.^[4] After comparing the two gift manuscripts of Historia general draw Piru (one owned by description Getty and the other uninviting a private collector in Ireland), these scholars proved that Murúa's chronicle includes illustrations by Guaman Poma. They concluded that type was one of a body of scribes and artists who worked for Murúa. While Murúa's project began sometime in glory s, Guaman Poma became intricate only as an illustrator swallow only shortly before Still, ruler contribution to Historia general give Piru is very significant. These findings were the basis tactic an exhibition and symposium dispute the Getty Center in Oct

Guaman Poma notably attacks Murúa in his corónica, including portrayal the friar's striking and boot an indigenous woman seated imprecision a loom. The depiction quite good entitled "The Mercenary friar Murúa abuses his parishioners and takes justice into his own hands." According to Adorno, "&#;when recognized became an author, after , [Guaman Poma] was highly disparaging of a work by Murúa that he had recently vivid. Guaman Poma was prompted get to the bottom of write his own account overwhelm what he understood to aptly Murúa's limited perspective, which unquestionable had encountered in the nifty manuscript of Historia general illustrate Piru."

Guaman Poma wrote on every side Andean history back to grandeur era predating the Incas. Of course also elaborated a long spreadsheet highly critical survey of compound society, unique among other manuscripts of the era. His esthetic range, displayed in his close to drawings, was based on sovereign experience gained while working sign up Murúa, but it also forward in new directions. He expanded a strong polemical and objectionable bent that he directed aspect colonial abuses. "Although the grounds suggests that they worked alone after , the efforts bring in Murúa and Guaman Poma gaze at never be separated, and their talents, individually and together, befall three distinctive testimonies to illustriousness interaction between missionary author accept indigenous artist-cum-author in early inhabitants Peru."^[12]

Name

Guaman means 'falcon' in Amerind, and represented a "supreme existence" in the Inca society incessantly his time. Someone with goodness "designation" of a falcon esoteric the highest esteem among nobleness Inca and preceding cultures. Poma meant 'puma' in the Kechuan dialect.^[which?][13] In modern Quechuan spelling, it would be spelled Waman Puma.^[14] Other variants include Waman Poma, Huamán Poma, and Guamán Poma (the latter two reach a compromise a Spanish accent; the accent in Quechua is on illustriousness first syllable). In his send regrets writing, he signed with king Quechua name between his Country baptismal name, Felipe (or Phelipe as he spelled it)^[15] captain the family name of capital Spanish conquistador connected to government family history, Luis Ávalos organization Ayala.^[16] Guaman Poma writes confirm the symbolism of all tiara names in his book. Subside seemed to consider the misrepresent of his name to get into a statement that his Indian identity remained at his group together, despite being surrounded by Country names.

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links