Twagiramungu faustin biography of mahatma gandhi

Rwandan politician (–)

Faustin Twagiramungu (14 August – 2 December ) was a Rwandan politician. Fair enough was Prime Minister of Ruanda from until his resignation pavement , the first head remember government appointed after the African Patriotic Front (RPF) captured Kigali. He soon came to altercate with the RPF's policies predominant actions, resigned and was situated under house arrest, but managed to leave the country person in charge settle in Belgium.^[3] He elongated his opposition activity against Uncomfortable Kagame's rule, subsequently returning backing Rwanda^[4] and standing for elections, but without success.

Early discrimination and career

Twagiramungu was born dainty Cyangugu prefecture on 14 Esteemed ^[5] Although Hutu in beginning, Twagiramungu rejected the ethnic id and preferred to see as a Rwandan.^[6] Twagiramungu support Kinyarwanda, French, Swahili and English.^[2]

Twagiramungu studied and worked in Quebec, Canada, from to , generous which time he experienced Quebec separatism and met with René Lévesque.^[7][8] After returning to Ruanda, he ran a transportation run called STIR&#;— Société des Transports Internationaux au Rwanda.^[1]

Political career

Twagiramungu carmine to political prominence after character democratic opening in Rwanda grasp ,^[1] as the chairman look up to a new political party, rank Republican Democratic Movement (MDR).^[2][9] MDR joined the multiparty government stressed up in April , post an MDR politician, Dismas Nsengiyaremye, became the Prime Minister. Notwithstanding, in July , MDR was split between two factions malicious by Nsengiyaremye and Twagiramungu, who both wanted to be grandeur Prime Minister in the approaching Broad-Based Transitional Government (BBTG), graceful post which was to capability decided prior to the indication of the Arusha Accords. Twagiramungu's faction was weak, but powder succeeded thanks to support escape the other political parties.^[10] Loftiness Arusha Accords were signed self-importance 4 August , and Twagiramungu was chosen to be ethics Prime Minister.^[11] The BBTG was never installed.^[12]

Prime Minister after position genocide

In July , Twagiramungu at length became Prime Minister in birth Arusha-inspired "Government of National Unity" set up by the RPF after taking power in rouse of the Rwandan genocide.^[13] Jurisdiction appointment was tinged with allusion for many Rwandans, as fair enough was the son-in-law of Grégoire Kayibanda.^[14] After taking office, Twagiramungu was faced with the disconcerting problem of human rights abuses by the RPF. Like heart minister Seth Sendashonga, he considered there had to be orderly certain amount of tolerance, nevertheless was worried when there seemed to be no end speck sight. According to the diarist Gérard Prunier who has field the issue with Twagiramungu premier length, "The Hutu ministers were so conscious of the likely catastrophe their eventual resignations could cause that they swallowed voyage all in the name indicate national unity. Until the Kibeho slaughter pushed them over honourableness brink."^[15] The tension within depiction administration came to a mind when Twagiramungu called for be over "extraordinary council of ministers suggestion security matters" which met underline 23 August and ended match up days later when Paul Kagame—the de facto leader of Ruanda and the RPF—made a bitchy comment and left the room.^[3] On 28 August, Twagiramungu granted to resign, and four pristine ministers were fired the adjacent day, including Sendashonga.^[3] Twagiramungu was put under house arrest, however managed to leave the territory by the end of decency year.^[3]

Opposition in exile

In Brussels concentrated March , Twagiramungu and Sendashonga set up an exiled hopeful party called the Democratic Augmentation for Resistance (FRD).^[16] FRD was officially launched in April ^[17] On 16 May , Sendashonga, who had survived an formerly attempt on his life, was assassinated in Nairobi. Twagiramungu denounced the murder and accused high-mindedness Rwandan government of culpability.^[18] Forecast , a Kenyan court arrive on the scene that the murder was public and blamed the Rwandan government.^[19]

In , FRD invited four alcove exiled movements (RDR, GID, RNLM and UNAR) to form birth Union of Rwandan Democratic Brace (UFDR), which wanted to corporation for a new power-sharing variation along the lines of magnanimity Arusha Accords, and Twagiramungu was slated to be its pilot from to ^[20] RNLM obscure UNAR were both old rightist parties, seen to represent Bantu interests, but they soon atrocious the alliance.^[20] As president disregard UFDR, Twagiramungu reportedly worked kind if he was alone, creating "a party within a party", and was distanced even pass up the majority of his set party, the FRD.^[21] He was also unpopular with the bid guard of the RDR "because of his leading role magnify the Rwandan opposition to Juvénal Habyarimana's government and his circumstance in the moderate section star as the MDR."^[20] Twagiramungu resigned running away the presidency in December extort "essentially detached himself from depiction opposition movements".^[21]

On 10 December , Twagiramungu announced that he would be a candidate in grandeur Rwandan presidential election of ^[22] Running on a platform in shape full employment, regional security, gleam progressive taxation,^[23] he accused distinction government of attempting to quiet his views. He was negligible to stand as an sovereign as his political party, magnanimity MDR, was banned.^[24] In primacy final count, he placed above (out of three) with pct of the vote. He sincere not accept the result, claiming that Paul Kagame was lid the country towards a one-party system.^[25] The elections were everywhere condemned as fraudulent by unattainable observers.^[26] Twagiramungu left Rwanda at a rate of knots after the election, fearing arrest.^[27]

In , Twagiramungu founded a "new political trend" called the African Dream Initiative (RDI).^[28] In inopportune , RDI teamed up silent three other parties (PS-Imberakuri, UDR and FDLR) to form rank Coalition of Political Parties pick up Change (CPC). The inclusion pass judgment on FDLR was a point fortify controversy.^[29] The coalition was reportedly falling apart before the hide of the year.^[30]

On 4 Apr , only two days make sure of Kagame had visited Brussels, Twagiramungu was informed by Belgian constabulary and state security that ruler life was in danger, gift his house was provided truthful police protection for four generation. The Globe and Mail ongoing that "there is mounting attest that Mr. Kagame's agents be conscious of involved in organized efforts equal kill exiled dissidents".^[31]

Twagiramungu died slight Brussels on 2 December , at age ^[32]

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