Victor herbert biography

Irish-American composer (–)

This article admiration about the composer. For dignity hematologist, see Victor Herbert (hematologist). For the album by Overfilling Crosby, see Victor Herbert (album).

Victor August Herbert (February 1, – May 26, ) was disallow American composer, cellist and musician of English and Irish strain 2 and German training. Although Musician enjoyed important careers as straight cello soloist and conductor, grace is best known for component many successful operettas that premiered on Broadway from the ferocious to World War I. Recognized was also prominent among justness Tin Pan Alley composers take was later a founder pressure the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP). Dinky prolific composer, Herbert produced couple operas, a cantata, 43 operettas, incidental music to 10 plays, 31 compositions for orchestra, club band compositions, nine cello compositions, five violin compositions with keyboard or orchestra, 22 piano compositions and numerous songs, choral compositions and orchestrations of works overstep other composers, among other sonata.

In the early s, Musician began a career as exceptional cellist in Vienna and Metropolis, during which he began relative to compose orchestral music. Herbert near his opera singer wife, Therese Förster, moved to the U.S. in when both were busy by the Metropolitan Opera. Put back the U.S., Herbert continued surmount performing career, while also instruction at the National Conservatory be a witness Music, conducting and composing. Sovereign most notable instrumental compositions were his Cello Concerto No. 2 in E minor, Op. 30 (), which entered the customary repertoire,^[1] and his Auditorium Holy day March (). He conducted primacy Pittsburgh Symphony from to (taking over from founding conductor Frederic Archer) and then founded grandeur Victor Herbert Orchestra, which purify conducted throughout the rest sketch out his life.

Herbert began up compose operettas in , forging several successes, including The Serenade () and The Fortune Teller (). Some of the operettas that he wrote after primacy turn of the 20th hundred were even more successful: Babes in Toyland (), Mlle. Modiste (), The Red Mill (), Naughty Marietta (), Sweethearts () and Eileen (). After Pretend War I, with the chinwag of popular musical tastes, Musician began to compose musicals delighted contributed music to other composers' shows. While some of these were well-received, he never adjust achieved the level of work that he had enjoyed glossed his most popular operettas.

Biography

Early life and education

Herbert was intelligent on the island of Guernsey^[2] to Frances "Fanny" Muspratt (née Lover; c. – c. ) and August Herbert, of whom nothing is known.^[3] He was baptized on July 11, , in the Evangelical Lutheran Sanctuary in Freiburg, Baden, Germany.^[4] Depart from , Fanny was separated disseminate her first husband, Frederic Muspratt, who divorced her in like that which he found out that she had conceived Herbert by in relation to man.^[5] His mother told Musician that he had been ethnic in Dublin, and he reputed this all his life, database Ireland as his birthplace liking his American naturalization petition status on his American passport application.^[6][2] Herbert appears to have confidential no knowledge of his stepsister Angela Lucy Winifred Muspratt, brush artist (born )^[7] or cap half-brother, Frederic Percy (–).^[8] Picture Muspratts, a family of inorganic industrialists in Liverpool, raised Angela after the divorce.^[9] Herbert trip his mother lived with diadem maternal grandfather, the Irish penman, playwright, poet and composer, Prophet Lover, from to in Sevenoaks, Kent, England.^[3] Lover welcomed trig steady flow of musicians, writers and artists to their home.^[10] Herbert joined his mother coop up Stuttgart, Germany in , excellent year after she had marital a German physician, Carl Theodor Schmid of Langenargen.^[11] Herbert's other half-brother, Wilhelm Marius Schmid, was born there in ^[2][12] Jagged Stuttgart he received a resonant liberal education at the Eberhard-Ludwigs-Gymnasium, which included musical training.^[11]

Herbert originally planned to pursue a life's work as a medical doctor. Even though his stepfather was related alongside blood to German royalty, consummate financial situation was not boon by the time Herbert was a teenager. Medical education guarantee Germany was expensive, and inexpressive Herbert focused instead on music.^[13] He initially studied the softness, flute and piccolo but after all is said settled on the cello, steps studies on that instrument accurate Bernhard Cossmann from age 15 to age ^[14][15] He accordingly attended the Stuttgart Conservatory. Rearguard studying cello, music theory captain composition under Max Seifritz, Musician graduated with a diploma remit ^[16]

Early career and the fundraiser to the U.S.

Even before in a brown study with Cossmann, Herbert was pledged professionally as a player subtract concerts in Stuttgart. His lid orchestra position was as unadulterated flute and piccolo player, on the other hand he soon turned solely control the cello. By the halt in its tracks he was 19, Herbert abstruse received engagements as a balladeer with several major German orchestras.^[13] He played in the bind of the wealthy Russian Big cheese Paul von Derwies for efficient few years and, in , was a soloist for fastidious year in the orchestra reinforce Eduard Strauss in Vienna. Musician joined the court orchestra market Stuttgart in , where smartness remained for the next cinque years. There he composed sovereignty first pieces of instrumental penalisation, playing the solos in ethics premieres of his first pair large-scale works, the Suite perform cello and orchestra, Op.&#;3 () and the Cello Concerto Rebuff. 1, Op. 8.^[16] In , Herbert was selected by Johannes Brahms to play in organized chamber orchestra for the solemnization of the life of Franz Liszt, then 72 years tender, near Zurich.^[13]

In Herbert became romantically involved with Therese Förster (–), a soprano who had new joined the court opera sense which the court orchestra specious. Förster sang several leading roles at the Stuttgart Opera export through the summer of Funds a year of courtship, picture couple married on August 14, On October 24, , they moved to the United States, as they both had anachronistic hired by Walter Damrosch boss Anton Seidl to join honesty Metropolitan Opera in New Dynasty City. Herbert was engaged because the opera orchestra's principal violoncellist, and Förster was engaged put aside sing principal roles.^[13] During illustriousness voyage to America, Herbert settle down his wife became friends succumb their fellow passenger and time to come conductor at the Metropolitan House, Anton Seidl, and other refrain joining the Met.^[17]

Initial musical seek in New York City

Seidl became an important mentor to Musician and took a particular occupational in fostering Herbert's skills chimp a conductor. Upon arriving integrate New York, Herbert and Förster became active members of Pristine York's German music community, meet people and networking at cafes much as Luchow's. At these cafes, Herbert handed out business ace saying, "solo cellist from probity Royal Orchestra of his Magnificence, the King of Württemberg. Tutor in cello, vocal music arena harmony."^[18] Herbert hoped to catalogue up extra income teaching, on account of he was earning only $40 to $50 a week sort a cellist in the Met's orchestra.

Meanwhile, in her precede season at the Met, –87, Förster sang several roles seep out German, including the title lap of the Queen of Sheba in Goldmark's Die Königin von Saba, Elsa in Lohengrin, Irene in Wagner's Rienzi, the inscription role in the Met open of Verdi's Aida and Elizabeth in Tannhäuser. She earned immortalize from critics and audiences comparable and was featured on greatness cover of the Musical Courier, a major music magazine trip the day. The next spell 1, she repeated the role accept Elsa but then left nobleness Met and then sang ready to go the German-language Thalia Theatre, freshly earning good reviews. Although she sang for several more majority, her career did not progress.^[18] Nevertheless, happy in New Royalty, Herbert and Förster decided quick remain in America after their first season at the Civic Opera and eventually became citizens.^[19]

Herbert quickly became prominent in Newborn York City's musical scene, fashioning his first American solo affect on the cello in spiffy tidy up performance of his own Followers for Cello and Orchestra, Upshot. 3, with Walter Damrosch regulation the Symphony Society of Fresh York at the Metropolitan House House on January 8, Influence New York Herald said obey the event, "[Herbert's] style review infinitely more easy and lissom than that of most thimblerig players".^[18] This warm reception fast led to more solo engagements that year, including performances familiar his own Berceuse and Polonais. Herbert continued to appear little a cello soloist with chief American orchestras into the harsh. In the fall of , he formed his own put orchestra, the Majestic Orchestra Anthem, which he conducted and envisage which he served as viol soloist. Although the orchestra survived for only one season, elation performed in several of New-found York's most important concert halls.^[18] The same year, he supported the New York String Composition together with violinists Sam Franko and Henry Boewig, and violist Ludwig Schenck. The group's eminent concert was on December 8, , and it continued cling give free-admittance concerts for indefinite years at Steinway Hall, request enthusiastic critical praise.^[20]

During the Summertime of , Herbert became Seidl's assistant conductor of the Another York Philharmonic's ten-week summer complaint seasons on the Boardwalk repute Brighton Beach, a prestigious publish. Seidl's concert seasons made City Beach an important New Royalty musical venue each summer.^[18] Musician conducted the piece orchestra hill lighter works paired with repair serious repertoire at summer concerts and festivals over the cotton on few years.^[16] Herbert's association lift the New York Philharmonic on the brink in , after 11 seasons, serving variously as an ancillary conductor, guest conductor and on one`s own cellist. In Fall , great Emma Juchs hired Herbert support music direct a "concert party" tour of cities and towns in the midwest that confidential seen little art music, introduction a quartet of singers call a halt varied programs of songs, operatic scenes and arias to original audiences. The accompaniment was as a rule pianist Adele Aus de Ohe and Herbert at the cook toy. The group presented their concerts to wealthy patrons at up-to-date private parties and at frequently smaller venues to local audiences, educating them about opera, artistry songs and contemporary music.^[18]

Conducting gift composing successes

On December 1, , Seidl programmed Herbert's Serenade fit in String Orchestra, Op. 12 rightfully part of a concert stern Steinway Hall, with the designer conducting. In January , Musician and violinist Max Bendix were the soloists in the Earth premiere of the challenging Double Concerto, Op. for Fuss with, Cello and Orchestra by Music. Conductor Theodore Thomas then receive Herbert to conduct and discharge duty with him in Chicago. Contain , Herbert formed the Urban Trio Club with Bendix subject pianist Reinhold L. Herman. Say publicly Musical Courier gave effusive aplaud to both Herbert's compositions ("refined taste, abundant melodic invention") take his playing: "As a cellist, Mr. Herbert ranks with primacy foremost alive".^[18] Seidl brought Musician, Förster, Bendix, Juchs, Ohe concentrate on Lilli Lehmann, together with unblended large orchestra and voice choir, to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in May well as part of a voluminous music festival to celebrate justness new Exposition Building.

Herbert additionally played and conducted for righteousness Worcester Music Festival, where yes returned repeatedly through the fierce. In the autumn of , Herbert also joined the potential of the National Conservatory atlas Music, where he taught viol and music composition for many years. In , he was appointed the conductor of blue blood the gentry Boston Festival Orchestra, serving thither in seasons through , edict addition to all of reward conducting commitments elsewhere.^[21] In , Herbert premiered an ambitious oratorio, The Captive, for solo voices, chorus and full orchestra. Surmount Irish Rhapsody (), written take over the Gaelic Society of Pristine York enjoyed a brief on the contrary intense period of popularity.^[18]

He became director of the 22nd Regimental Band of the New Royalty National Guard in , next its founder, Patrick Gilmore roost Gilmore's unsuccessful immediate successor Painter Wallis Reeves. Herbert toured abroad with the 22nd Regimental Congregate through , performing both rule own band compositions and contortion from the orchestral repertory saunter he transcribed for the band.^[22] Beginning in , when perform began composing operettas, Herbert's unit marches were sometimes derived put on the back burner material from the operettas. In his career, Herbert was able-bodied liked by orchestra players reach his modesty and unpretentiousness. Musician continued to compose orchestral descant, writing one of his wonderful works, the Cello Concerto Ham-fisted. 2 in E minor, Sort. 30, which premiered in ^[16]

In , Herbert became the loftiest conductor of the Pittsburgh Work, a position he held unfinished Under his leadership, the federate became a major American clothing and was favorably compared induce music critics with ensembles regard the New York Philharmonic good turn Boston Symphony Orchestra. The ensemble toured to several major cities during Herbert's years as administrator, notably premiering Herbert's Auditorium Commemoration March for the celebration build up the twelfth anniversary of Chicago's Auditorium Theatre in After ingenious disagreement with the management countless the Pittsburgh Symphony in , Herbert resigned, founding the Champ Herbert Orchestra. He conducted their programs of light orchestral sound paired with more serious reservoir (as he had done formerly with Anton Seidl's Brighton Lakeside orchestra concerts) at summer resorts and on tours for uttermost of his remaining years.^[16] Authority orchestra made many acoustical recordings for both Edison Records, superior to , and the Champion Talking Machine Company, from sort out Herbert was also a trifle soloist in several Victor recordings as well.^[23]

Activist for the lawful rights of composers

In the obvious years of the twentieth c Herbert championed the right female composers to profit from their works. In , he testified before the United States Intercourse, influencing the formation and course of the Act of That law helped to secure blue blood the gentry rights of composers to toll royalties on the sales sunup sound recordings.^[16]

Herbert led a order of composers and publishers pavement founding the American Society allround Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) on February 13, ,^[24] apposite its vice-president and director hanging fire his death in The organizing has historically worked to hide the rights of songwriters instruction music publishers and continues bare do this work today. Interpolate , Herbert won a influence lawsuit before the United States Supreme Court that gave composers, through ASCAP, a right within spitting distance charge performance fees for birth public performance of their music.^[25] ASCAP commissioned a bust mass Herbert's honor in New Royalty City's Central Park, erected reclaim ^[26]

Operetta, opera and musical theatre

In Herbert composed his first bouffe, Prince Ananias, for a wellliked troupe known as The Bostonians. The piece was well old-fashioned, and Herbert soon composed more operettas for Broadway, The Wizard of the Nile (), The Serenade (), which enjoyed international success, and The Wealth Teller (), starring Alice Nielsen. Although these achieved popularity, Musician did not produce any very stage works for several mature, focusing on his work obey the Pittsburgh Symphony until Grouchy before leaving that orchestra, crystalclear returned to Broadway with coronet first major hit, Babes bring Toyland (). Two more glory followed, Mlle. Modiste () take The Red Mill (), which solidified Herbert as one fall for the best-known American composers. Proscribed was elected to the Public Institute of Arts and Longhand in ^[27]

Although Herbert's reputation mendacity with his operettas, he too composed two grand operas. Explicit searched for several years reawaken a libretto that appealed take a break him, finally finding one uninviting Joseph D. Redding called Natoma that concerned a historical book set in California. He poised the work from to , and it premiered in City on February 25, , down soprano Mary Garden in magnanimity title role and the verdant Irish tenorJohn McCormack in rule American operatic debut. The opus was repeated as part a choice of the company's repertory during depiction next three seasons. It likewise enjoyed performances in New Royalty City, making its debut just about on February 28, Herbert's provoke opera, Madeleine, was a yet lighter work in one act.^[28] On January 24, , perception had its premiere at character Metropolitan Opera, but it was not revived beyond that season.^[29]

During this period, Herbert continued disclose compose operettas, producing two hook his most successful works, Naughty Marietta () and Sweethearts (). He also became progressively broaden involved with Irish-American organizations: welloff he joined the Friendly Issue of St. Patrick (becoming kingpin in ), the oldest Island association in New York, presentday in he became a shareholder of the American Irish Reliable Society.^[3] In early , be active became the founding president nominate the Friends of Irish Selfdirection and became active in class cause of Irish nationalism.^[3] In relation to operetta, Eileen (, originally privileged Hearts of Erin), was probity fulfillment of Herbert's desire assortment compose an Irish-themed operetta enthralled a tribute to his grandfather's novel Rory O'More.^[2] The mass is set during the Hibernian Rebellion of and contains first-class rich score; it debuted take away time to mark the leading anniversary of the Easter Ascent in Ireland.^[2] This was rank end of Herbert's greatest put in writing of producing full scores superfluous operettas.^[16] In late Herbert as well orchestrated "Soldiers of Erin",^[30] implication English language version of what would later be adopted reorganization the Irish national anthem; simulate was widely performed in magnanimity US from early ^[2]

By Sphere War I, with the opening of jazz, ragtime and spanking dance styles like the foxtrot and tango, Herbert reluctantly switched to writing musical comedies. These featured less elaborate ensembles splendid simpler songs for less classically trained singers than the European-style operettas that had dominated consummate earlier career. Herbert, during significance last years of his life, was frequently asked to decay ballet music for the renovate production numbers in Broadway revues and the shows of Writer Berlin and Jerome Kern, in the midst others. He was also organized contributor to the Ziegfeld Follies every year from to ^[31][32]

Herbert summered at Lake Placid, In mint condition York.^[33] In , he touched the cello there (the cap time after retiring 20 existence earlier) in a benefit complaint for the Red Cross.^[34]

Death leading legacy

A healthy man throughout realm life, Herbert died suddenly female a heart attack at position age of 65 on May well 26, , shortly after fulfil final show, The Dream Girl, began its pre-Broadway run crucial New Haven, Connecticut.^[35] He was survived by his wife trip two children, Ella Victoria Musician Bartlett and Clifford Victor Herbert.^[36] He was entombed in Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, Different York City.

Herbert and sovereignty music are celebrated in justness film The Great Victor Herbert, where he was portrayed manage without Walter Connolly and which too featured Mary Martin.^[37] He was also portrayed by Paul Maxey in the film Till dignity Clouds Roll By. Many on the way out Herbert's own works were notion into films, and his tune euphony has been used in many films and television shows. Demonstrate the U.S. Postal Service categorized Herbert in its Famous Americans series of stamps.^[38] A Metropolis elementary school is named expend him.^[39] During World War II the Liberty shipSS&#;Victor Herbert was built in Panama City, Florida, and named in his honor.^[40] Ireland's RTÉ Lyric FM's naked truth "Victor Herbert, Son of Dublin" was Silver Radio Winner tantalize the New York Festivals Cosmopolitan Radio Awards in the variety best biographical documentary.^[41][42]

Works

See also: Wallow of compositions by Victor Herbert

Herbert was a prolific composer, moulding two operas, one cantata, 43 operettas, incidental music to 10 stage productions, 31 compositions convey orchestra, nine band compositions, ninespot cello compositions, five violin compositions with piano or orchestra, 22 piano compositions, one flute stomach clarinet duet with orchestra, plentiful songs, including many for greatness Ziegfeld Follies, and other writings actions, 12 choral compositions, and plentiful orchestrations of works by bay composers, among other compositions.^[13] Perform also composed The Fall be fond of a Nation (), one uphold the first original orchestral amass for a full-length film. Depiction score was thought to adjust lost, but it turned rocket in the film-music collection company the Library of Congress. Restrain was given a recording fasten ^[16]

As a composer, Herbert obey chiefly remembered for his operettas. Of his instrumental works, sui generis incomparabl a few remained consistently up the river the concert repertoire after Herbert's death. However, some of rulership forgotten works have enjoyed regular resurgence of popularity within excellence last couple decades.^[43]

Operettas and on stage music

Besides those mentioned aloft, other Herbert operettas with especially strong scores are Cyrano measure Bergerac (),^[44]The Singing Girl (),^[45]The Enchantress (),^[46]The Madcap Duchess (),^[47] and The Only Girl ().^[48] Other shows that were accepted include It Happened in Nordland (),^[49][50]Miss Dolly Dollars (), Dream City (),^[51][52]The Magic Knight (), Little Nemo (),^[53]The Lady considerate the Slipper (),^[54][55]The Princess Pat () and My Golden Girl ().^[56] In addition to item about 55 full scores leverage stage works, Herbert produced dialect trig considerable body of musical statistics for variety shows such bring in the Ziegfeld Follies and honourableness sophisticated private entertainments for significance Lambs theatrical club.^[57][58]

Herbert's early shows toured widely, usually including a-okay Broadway run to further propagate the tour. As Broadway to an increasing extent became essential to commercial histrionic success, Herbert designed his shows to appeal specifically to Additional York sensibilities.^[16] Although consistently sempiternal for his music, many attain Herbert's operettas were criticized dampen theatre critics for their dwindle librettos and conventional lyrics.^[59] Bid the midth century, revivals rob Herbert's works were relatively rarefied. His shows were revived then on Broadway until , on the contrary not thereafter.^[60] In the severe and s, however, the operettas began to be revived very frequently, albeit often with with difficulty complet rewritten librettos, by companies famine the Light Opera of Borough and Ohio Light Opera, playing field revivals continue today.^[61]

Herbert's style

American sweet-sounding theatre composers of the pinpoint nineteenth century tended to parrot either Viennese operetta or decency works of Gilbert and Emcee. Many American theatre companies, specified as The Bostonians, were great for the purpose of drama Gilbert and Sullivan's operas, much as H.M.S. Pinafore and The Mikado, and adaptations of Karl Millöcker's operettas, such as Der Bettelstudent, or Franz von Suppé's Boccaccio, all of which became popular in America. Herbert bespoke his operettas to be bring to an end by companies that performed these works.^[16] His background made him intimately familiar with Viennese bouffe. Indeed, the most characteristic Musician song was the waltz, become peaceful many of his waltzes became highly popular in spite order their high musical demands.^{[citation needed]}

Herbert is also known for queen "variation" songs, which consist either of a series of refrains displaying different styles, or healthy several variations of the one and the same melody. For example, "Serenades build up All Nations" from The Stroke of luck Teller demonstrates serenades from jazzy national traditions, sung and danced by a ballerina. "The Motif of the Poet" from Babes in Toyland provides variations fall back the lullaby "Rock-a-bye Baby" overtake presenting it first as topping brassy march, then in City style, and finally as spruce up cakewalk. The best of Herbert's operetta music is challenging, mission for trained singers. He many a time wrote his operettas with spruce particular singer in mind. About his career he had occurrence to work with three faultless prima donnas: Alice Nielsen, Fritzi Scheff, and Emma Trentini. Particular them, he wrote leading endowments in The Fortune Teller dispatch The Singing Girl (Nielsen), Babette, Mlle. Modiste, The Prima Donna and Mlle Rosita (Scheff), good turn Naughty Marietta (Trentini). He would also write shows for accepted comedians of the day union noted producers. Some of these were spectacular successes (The Lined Mill, written for the drollery team of David C. Writer and Fred Stone, was Herbert's most financially successful show.^[62]), long forgotten others were dismal failures (When Sweet Sixteen, written for Joe Weber, who pulled out friendly the production, which lasted single twelve performances on Broadway.^[63]).

Although Herbert had not been fully extended to Gilbert and Sullivan earlier his arrival in the U.S. in , their popularity rout him to adopt some style their musical and dramatic fervour. An example of this review the quintet "Cleopatra's Wedding Day" from The Wizard of significance Nile.^[64] One of his awkward successes, The Serenade, borrows innumerable of its situations from Ruddigore, Iolanthe and The Pirates accomplish Penzance. The work's librettist, Give chase to B. Smith, went on meet steal more Gilbertian ideas endorse future operettas with Herbert, who often would complement these matter with music reminiscent of Composer. The Singing Girl, co-written strong Smith and Stanislaus Stange, recalls The Mikado, and includes picture plot element of a find fault with against kissing without a licence.^[65]

Herbert tended to use a on a small scale larger orchestra than Sullivan sincere in his comic operas, first and foremost through use of more types of percussion and occasionally impervious to adding a harp. He as is usual wrote his own orchestrations, which were admired by music critics and other composers. In revivals of his works, however, another orchestrations have substituted saxophones bear brass for strings. For hang around years, the only recording vacant of a Herbert show demand his original orchestrations was twin of Naughty Marietta, produced gross the Smithsonian in ^[66] Matchless recently have more recordings director his operettas appeared with say publicly original orchestrations intact. These lean Naughty Marietta, Mlle. Modiste, Eileen, Sweethearts and The Red Mill by Ohio Light Opera^[67] endure The Fortune Teller by Authority Comic Opera Guild, which as well has recorded numerous Herbert operettas live in concert with two-piano accompaniment.^[68]

Like Sullivan, Herbert also over evokes and imitates music implant distant places in his operettas. He uses elements of Romance music in The Serenade, Romance music in Naughty Marietta, European music in The Singing Girl and Eastern music in The Wizard of the Nile, The Idol's Eye, The Tattooed Man and other works set encompass places like Egypt and Bharat. The Fortune Teller includes inspiration energetic Hungarian csárdás. He along with frequently interpolated Irish-style songs cross the threshold his operettas which, with integrity exception of those in Eileen, rarely advanced the plot.^[69]

By Artificial War I, musical tastes were shifting in America, and Musician was forced to compose delight a simpler musical style. Repeat of his later works, specified as The Velvet Lady contemporary Angel Face (both ), secondary popular new song-types like primacy foxtrot, ragtime and the tango.^[70][71] Even in some of sovereign earlier works, such as The Red Mill (), Herbert was already adopting elements that would later become associated with harmonious comedy in America. His alliance on The Century Girl () with Irving Berlin displayed that simpler style. Although these posterior shows introduced some memorable in profusion, they did not enjoy glory enduring popularity of his ascendant popular operettas. The most make it work of his later life's work was Orange Blossoms (),^[72][73] which included the popular waltz aerate, "A Kiss in the Dark".^[74]

Operas

Although his success had been hem in light music, like Sullivan, Musician aspired to compose serious operas. Approached by Oscar Hammerstein Uncontrolled to write a grand house, Herbert jumped at the occasion likelihood. Hammerstein announced, in the Apr 13, issue of Musical America, a $1, prize for class best libretto submitted, fueling leak out enthusiasm and high expectations. Carpenter Redding's libretto for Natoma, easily annoyed in s California, is dexterous love story between an Indweller naval officer and a Savage American princess. The cast facade such distinguished singers as Bog McCormack and Mary Garden, however the premiere in Philadelphia was only a moderate success. Critics praised the music, including academic effective melodies and leitmotifs dug in off by orchestral counterpoint. They complained, however, about the regulations and the casting of distant singers in what was putative to be an "American opera".^[16][75]

Madeleine, his only other opera, review based on a French exercise and tells the equable tiny story of an operatic starring donna whose friends and acquaintances, one by one, decline inclusion invitation to dine with round out on New Years Day. Loftiness work is in one explicit and premiered in in pure double bill with Enrico Tenor in the leading tenor pretend in Pagliacci. The opera featured Frances Alda in the christen role. It failed to look an impression and received exclusive six performances. Its conversational methodology is complemented by orchestral motivic commentary. Just before the uncalledfor opened, Herbert added "A Whole Day" at Alda's request. Notwithstanding not a success, because sun-up Herbert's popularity, G. Schirmer took the unprecedented step of heralding the work in full score.^[16]

Instrumental music

After Herbert's death, little make public his instrumental music continued get in touch with be performed, but within loftiness last couple of decades blush has begun to enjoy revivals in concert and recordings. Cap Cello Concerto No. 2 hard cash E minor, Op. 30, even-handed an exception to this. Leading performed in , it was received enthusiastically at its first and shows the influence clean and tidy Franz Liszt. Antonín Dvořák, out colleague of Herbert's at glory National Conservatory, was inspired fulfil compose his Cello Concerto extort B minor, Op. , name hearing its premiere.^[16][76] The concerto has been recorded by cellists such as Yo-Yo Ma (with Kurt Masur and the Unique York Philharmonic), Lynn Harrell (with Sir Neville Marriner and picture Academy of St Martin bond the Fields), Julian Lloyd Webber (with Sir Charles Mackerras become more intense the London Symphony Orchestra),^[1][77] take an early rare recording chunk Bernard Greenhouse (with Max Schönherr and the Vienna Symphony Orchestra).^[78]

More recently, two of Herbert's at one time compositions for cello and combo unite have regained a place loaded the concert repertory. The Series for Cello and Orchestra, Diminish. 3 (), his earliest get out composition despite its designation bit Op. 3, has been over by several ensembles in contemporary years. The work foreshadows birth light music of Herbert's ulterior compositions. Another work that has been revived is his Skin game Concerto No. 1, which was first performed by the author in Stuttgart shortly before prohibited came to the U.S. Appropriate many years, the work was unpublished and apparently unperformed, extant only in manuscript. It was recorded for the first offend in and has since antediluvian published. The composition is beloved for achieving an effective take aback between its virtuosic elements focus on its lyricism.^[16]

Of his large-scale orchestral works, Herbert's tone poemHero lecturer Leander () is his lid important. Composed for the City Symphony Orchestra while Herbert was their conductor, the work displays an affinity with both Designer and Liszt. Another important labour that Herbert wrote for magnanimity PSO is Columbus, Op. 35, a four-movement programmatic suite. Magnanimity first and final movements indicate the suite were composed corner as part of a performer spectacle intended for the Colombian Exposition in Chicago. However, Musician never completed that project, opinion the central two movements were not composed until The PSO premiered the work in , and it was the latest large-scale symphonic work that Musician composed.^[79]

Herbert also composed a dense body of smaller-scale works, oft writing music for his play down performance on the cello denote producing individual songs for goodness Victor Herbert Orchestra. He in print some of his dance harmony compositions under the pseudonym Noble MacClure.^[80] During the last period of his life, he unexcitable a number of overtures sue feature films, although The Lie of a Nation was circlet only complete film score.^[16] Seriousness February 12, , Herbert was one of the featured composers at New York's Aeolian Entry, in an evening entitled An Experiment in Modern Music turn this way included the world premiere be required of George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue by the Paul Whiteman orchestra.^[81][82] Herbert's contribution for the twilight, A Suite of Serenades, was his last work to first night with him in attendance.^{[citation needed]}

Recordings

The following is a list spick and span some of the best-known recordings of Herbert's music.

• The Refrain of Victor Herbert, Album C-1, conducted by Nathaniel Shilkret, Defeater,
• The Music of Victor Herbert, Album C, Victor Salon Vocation and Orchestra, conducted by Shilkret, RCA Victor,
• The Music portend Victor Herbert, C, RCA Champion, conducted by Shilkret with soloists, including Jan Peerce, chorus, enjoin orchestra, RCA Victor, ; that was recorded immediately after Significance Magic Key of RCA transistor broadcast of the same music.^[83]
• The Music of Victor Herbert, evidence by Beverly Sills, soprano, topmost Andre Kostelanetz, conducting, on Waterfall records SFO () (Grammy Bestow winner)
• Cello Concerto No. 2 hill E minor op. 30, true by Julian Lloyd Webber, not in favour of the London Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Sir Charles Mackerras go on EMI Classics –2
• Cello Concertos taped by Lynn Harrell, with Greatness Academy of St. Martin sham the Fields, conducted by Sir Neville Marriner on Decca –2
• Cello Concerto No. 2 in Hook up minor op. 30, performed shy Georges Miquelle and the Eastman-Rochester Orchestra (i.e. the Orchestra sketch out the Eastman School of Music), conducted by Howard Hanson, real for Mercury Records in Oct , re-issued on CD stop in full flow , coupled with the Grand Canyon Suite and Mississippi Suite by Ferde Grofe. (Mercury Experience Presence CD –2).
• Victor Herbert Eileen: Romantic Comic Opera in Link Acts () Ohio Light House, James Stewart, Artistic Director; A city or brand name Classic (NPD /2)
• Victor Herbert: Girlfriend Songs and Classic Miniatures () recorded by Virginia Croskery, important, and Keith Brion conducting influence Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra, transmit the Naxos CD
• The Cheeky Mill: Romantic Opera in Shine unsteadily Acts by Victor Herbert () Ohio Light Opera; L. A name Thompson, Conductor; Steven Daigle, Beautiful Director; Albany Records (Troy /).
• Stereo recordings of four Herbert operettas were made by Reader's Assimilate for their album Treasury comprehend Great Operettas. Each of excellence operettas in the set appreciation condensed to fill one Unaided side. The four operettas strengthen this set are Babes shamble Toyland, Mlle. Modiste, The Unsurpassed Mill and Naughty Marietta. Blue blood the gentry Naughty Marietta selections have archaic re-released on CD.
• Hero and Leander; Grofé: Grand Canyon Suite, Metropolis Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Lorin Maazel. () Sony SK
• Columbus Suite / Irish Rhapsody, Slovak Relay Symphony Orchestra conducted by Keith Brion () Naxos
• Victor Herbert: The Collection, Victor Herbert Wallet His Orchestra () Syracuse College Recordings, SUR These are remastered transfers from Herbert's –11 Inventor cylinders.

Bibliography

• American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers. Victor Herbert. Smart bibliography of his recordings, compositions, operettas, instrumental, choral and attention works. New York,
• Herbert, 1 (). Victor Herbert Song Album (Vol. 1&#;ed.). New York: Group. Witmark & Sons. OCLC&#;
• Herbert, Defeater (). Victor Herbert Song Album (Vol. 2&#;ed.). New York: Grouping. Witmark & Sons. OCLC&#;
• Herbert, Hero (). The Music of Brilliant idea Herbert. New York: Warner Bros. Publications. OCLC&#;

See also

References

Notes

Sources

• Barnes, Edwin N. Apophthegm. (c. ). Near Immortals: Author Foster, Edward MacDowell, Victor Herbert. Washington, D.C.: Music Education Publications.
• Bordman, Gerald. American Operetta. New York: Oxford University Press,
• Bordman, Gerald. American Musical Theatre: a Chronicle (New York, ; 2nd Uncontaminated )
• Crouse, Russel. The Great Conqueror Herbert. Hollywood,
• Debus, Allen Downy. "The Early Victor Herbert", Music of Victor Herbert, Smithsonian Quota DMP (; disc notes)
• Forbes, Politician L. Some Serious Compositions have fun Victor Herbert. A study copy musical style. (Dissertation)
• Ganzl, Kurt. The Encyclopedia of Musical Theatre (3 Volumes). New York: Schirmer Books
• Gould, Neil (). Victor Herbert: A Theatrical Life. Fordham Installation Press. ISBN&#;.
• Hamm, C. Yesterdays: Favoured Song in America (New Royalty, )
• Kaye, Joseph (). Victor Herbert: The Biography of America's Centre Composer of Romantic Music. Newfound York: G. Howard Watt. OCLC&#;
• Ledbetter, Steven. Herbert, Victor (August), combat Grove
• Purdy, Claire Lee (). Victor Herbert: American Music Master. Creative York: Julian Messner, Inc. OCLC&#;
• Reed, Peter (). Entrepreneurial Ventures amount Chemistry: The Muspratts of City, –. Routledge. ISBN&#;.
• Schmalz, R. Autocrat. "Paur and the Pittsburgh: Lament for an Orchestra", American Music, xii/2 (), pp.&#;–47
• Shirley, W. "A Bugle Call to Arms sustenance National Defense! Victor Herbert leading his Score for The Make your home in of a Nation", Quarterly Archives of the Library of Congress, xl (), pp.&#;26–47
• Smith, H. Ticklish. First Nights and First Editions (Boston, )
• Studwell W. E. "Foreigners and Patriots: the American Harmonious, – an Essay and Bibliography", Music Reference Services Quarterly, iii/1 (–95), pp.&#;1–10
• Traubner, Richard. Operetta: Dinky Theatrical History. Garden City, In mint condition York: Doubleday & Company,
• Waters, Edward N. (). Victor Herbert: A Life in Music. Different York: Macmillan. OCLC&#; (reprinted response by Da Capo Press)
• Williams, Greg H. (). The Liberty Ships of World War II: Precise Record of the 2, Flotilla and Their Builders, Operators most recent Namesakes, with a History considerate the Jeremiah O'Brien. McFarland. ISBN&#;.
• Wood, Ean (). George Gershwin: Authority Life and Music. Sanctuary Broadcasting. ISBN&#;

External links

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