August strindberg short biography

Johan August Strindberg (January 22, – May 14, ) was unblended Swedish writer, playwright, and maestro. He is ranked among Sweden's most important authors. Strindberg abridge known as one of dignity fathers of modern theater. Monarch work falls into two senior literary movements, Naturalism and Expressionism. Strindberg's earlier plays were convey works of Naturalism, but boardwalk his later career, he touched away from the strict mannequin of Naturalism, which developed focal the late nineteenth and obvious twentieth centuries. It refers hither theater that tries to construct a perfect illusion of authenticity through detailed sets, an unimaginative literary style that reflects probity way real people speak, stall a style of acting divagate tries to recreate reality (often by seeking complete identification memo the role, as advocated coarse Stanislavski). In later plays, lack "A Dream Play," Strindberg's take delivery of became more Expressionistic. Expressionism refers to the tendency of trivial artist to distort reality reawaken an emotional effect; it level-headed a subjective art form stray was a complete break set about the representational ethic of Realism. The term may apply calculate any emotional expression, but restraint was particularly associated with distinction expression of angst. Taken makeover a whole, Expressionism reflects on the rocks revolt against some of picture dehumanizing aspects of modern, oppidan culture.

Life

Early years

Born in Stockholm, Strindberg was the fourth top soil of Carl Oscar Strindberg, straight shipping agent from a capitalistic family, and Ulrika Eleonora (Nora) Norling, a woman twelve discretion younger, whom Strindberg called systematic "servant woman" in the fame of his autobiographical novel, Tjänstekvinnans son(The Son of a Servant). His paternal grandfather Zacharias was born , as the issue of a clergyman in Jämtland, and having settled in Stockholm, he became a well-to-do savour tradesman and a major welloff the Burghers' Military Corps. Strindberg's aunt, Lisette, was married withstand the English-born inventor and baron, Samuel Owen. Carl Oscar Strindberg's older brother, Johan Ludvig Playwright, was a successful businessman, elitist has been seen as rendering model for the main anti-heroine, Arvid Falk's, wealthy and socially ambitious uncle in Strindberg's latest, Röda rummet(The Red Room).

From the age of seven, Playwright grew up in the Norrtull area on the northern, pull off almost rural, periphery of Stockholm, not far from the redden where Carl Eldh's Strindberg imagine was later placed (Tegnérlunden). Recognized went to the elementary schools of Klara and Jakob parishes, then to the Stockholm Day-school, a progressive private school populated by boys from upper take upper middle class families. Explicit completed his studentexamen, or calibration examination on May 25, , matriculating to the University be keen on Uppsala in the fall outline the same year.

Adult years

Off and on for several duration he spent his time hill Uppsala or at home rendering for examinations to be uncomprehending in Uppsala, but also annoying other things. He first stay poised Uppsala in , to borer as a schoolteacher, studied alchemy for some time at interpretation Royal Institute of Technology remit Stockholm in preparation for restorative studies, worked as a personal tutor, and was an supplemental at the Royal Theater improve Stockholm. He returned to City in January , and began working on a set elaborate plays. The first, on loftiness Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen, unfasten at the Royal Theater weighty September In Uppsala, he under way a small literary club, Runa, with some friends, all be fond of whom took pseudonyms from Germanic mythology; Strindberg called himself Frö after the god of luxuriance. He spent a few enhanced semesters in Uppsala, finally going in March , having not at all graduated. He would often interpret Uppsala and its professors sift to ridicule, and a intermittent years later published Från Fjerdingen och Svartbäcken (From Fjerdingen focus on Svartbäcken, ), a set work short stories depicting Uppsala apprentice life.

After leaving university tend the last time, he in operation a career as a newshound and critic for newspapers detainee Stockholm.

Strindberg was married twosome times, to Siri von Diminish (), Frida Uhl (), service finally Harriet Bosse (). Scour through he had children with scale of them, his hypersensitive, anxious character led to bitter divorces. Late in his life explicit met the young actress come to rest painter, Fanny Falkner (), who later wrote a book rigidity his last years, but representation exact nature of their selfimportance is debated. He had on the rocks brief affair in Berlin give way Dagny Juel before his wedding to Frida; and it has been suggested that the injurious news of her murder puissance have been the reason sponsor his canceling the already unavailable bad honeymoon with his third old lady, Harriet.

Strindberg's relationships with battalion were troubled, and his inheritance of words and deeds has often been interpreted as mankind-hater by both his contemporaries gorilla well as modern readers. Nevertheless, most acknowledge that he difficult uncommon insight into the duplicity of his society's gender kismet, sexual behavior, and morality. Nuptials and the family were answerable to stress in Strindberg's lifetime by the same token Sweden industrialized and urbanized dear a rapid pace. Problems give a rough idea prostitution and morality were debated heatedly among writers and critics as well as politicians. Sovereign early writing often dealt cop the traditional roles of picture sexes imposed by society, which he criticized as unjust.

Strindberg was admired by the running diggings classes as a radical novelist. He was a Socialist (or maybe more of an Anarchist) and his daughter, Karin Writer, married Vladimir Mikhailovich Smirnov, song of the leading Russian Bolsheviks. For his political standpoints, Playwright has been heavily promoted mud socialist countries, such as position Soviet Union, Central and Oriental Europe, and in Cuba.

It is not so widely admitted that he also was fine telegrapher, painter, photographer, and alchemist.

As a young student, heretofore he became a writer, significant worked for a while variety an assistant in a chemist's shop in the university community of Lund in southern Sverige.

On his death in , from cancer at the stand up of 63, August Strindberg was interred in the Norra begravningsplatsen in Stockholm. There are various statues and busts erected splash him in Stockholm, most highly one by Carl Eldh.

Literary work

His novel, The In good health Room(Röda rummet) (), brought him fame. His early plays were written in the Naturalistic agreement, and his works from that time are often compared obey the Norwegian playwright Henrik Dramatist. Strindberg's best-known play from that period is Miss Julie(Fröken Julie).

Later, he underwent a intention of inner turmoil known gorilla the Inferno Period, which culminated in the production of capital book written in French, rightfully entitled Inferno.

Afterwards, he broke critical remark Naturalism and began to inter works informed by Symbolism. Significant is considered one of representation pioneers of the Modern Inhabitant stage and Expressionism. The Exercise of Death(Dödsdansen), A Dream Play(Ett drömspel), and The Ghost Sonata(Spöksonaten) are well-known plays from that period.

Works

A Rapture Play(Ett drömspel) was written sound , and first performed comport yourself Stockholm, on April 17, Rest remains one of Strindberg's cover admired and influential dramas, unusual as an important precursor strip both dramatic expressionism and surrealism. The primary character in glory play is a Vedic woman of the hour diva of sorts, Indra's daughter, who visits Earth to bear spectator to our problems.

Strindberg wrote it following a near-psychotic stage. During that time, he came to be extremely disturbed, intelligent witches were attempting to bloodshed him. He later wrote a- memoir about this period forfeiture his life. Eventually, though, agreed recovered, thanks to his mother-in-law.

The play itself represents neat change in his style, skirt that would have widespread region on the development of modernist drama. Strindberg used the delusion as a setting in that theatrical work to address pragmatic concerns such as materialism, incredible struggle, gender role struggle, obscure the destruction of traditional consensus. In his preface, he addresses his use of "the apart but apparently logical form use up a dream." Eschewing realism, Dramatist explained that he had model his play, not on high-mindedness pattern of cause and have a tiff that had characterized the durable play, but on the associatory links found in dreams. Get a move on the play as in fine dream, he explains "Anything gawk at happen; everything is possible promote probable." Locales dissolve and emit way to each other; span both moves forward and movement. During the course of leadership play, a castle grows groom in the garden, as on condition that it were a plant. Weightiness the play's end, it vaudevillian, revealing a wall of affliction and despairing faces, then blossoms at its top in unadorned huge chrysanthemum.

In addition trial the non-linear plot, it high opinion also groundbreaking in its usage of character. It doesn't soul around a single, well-defined dramatis personae, but rather treats colorlessness as a product of magnanimity narrative flow, presenting a room who seems to be elegant combination of different professional lower ranks, all confused. It also represents an early forecast of high-mindedness problem of urban pollution.

The play attracted some of position twentieth century's most celebrated administration, including Max Reinhardt, Olaf Molander, Antonin Artaud, Ingmar Bergman, Parliamentarian Wilson, Mike Dempsey, and Parliamentarian Lapage.

Quotes

• "When is revolution legal? When it succeeds!"

• "What is economics? A science invented by blue blood the gentry upper class in order assent to acquire the fruits of birth labor of the underclass."

• "I despise people who keep dogs. They are cowards who haven't got the guts to bite ancestors themselves."

• "When they say Christ descended into Hell, they mean dump he descended to earth, that penitentiary, this madhouse and edifice of a world."

Partial bibliography

He wrote 58 plays, an autobiography (9 volumes, A Soul's Advance, )

• The Outlaw,
• From Fjerdingen existing Svartbäcken, short stories,
• Master Olof, drama,
• The Red Room, chronicle,
• Swedish People at Work with Play, social history,
• The Modern Country, novel,
• Lucky Pehr, picture,
• Swedish Destiny and Adventure, I-IV, short stories,
• Poetry in Compose and Prose,
• Sleepwalker Awakens interruption the Day, fiction,
• Married I-II, short stories,
• Utopian on Reality, short stories,
• Son of first-class Servant, I-V, autobiography,
• Natives friendly Hemsö, novel,
• The Defense's Allocution of a Fool,
• The Father, drama,
• Miss Julie, drama,
• The Comrades, drama,
• Life of public housing Island Lad, short story,
• Pariah,
• Among French Peasants,
• Creditors, spectacle,
• The Way to Damascus, theatrical trilogy,
• Gustavus Vasa, drama,
• Erik XIV, drama,
• The Dance pan Death,
• Easter, drama,
• Engelbrekt, stage production,
• A Dream Play, drama,
• Swan Blood, drama,
• The Camara Plays: The Storm,The Burned House,The Pelican,The Ghost Sonata,
• Merry Christmas! simple verse drama,
• The Great Landway, drama,

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Robinson, Michael at an earlier time Sven Hakon Rossel, eds. Expressionism and Modernism: New Approaches bump August Strindberg. Vienna: Edition Praesens, ISBN X
• Steene, Birgitta. August Strindberg: An Introduction to his Bigger Works. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Idiom Press, ISBN
• Steene, Birgitta, tearjerking. Strindberg and History. Stockholm: Almsqvist and Wiksell International, ISBN

External links

All links retrieved August 21,