Charles ii short biography
Charles II of England
| Charles II | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Charles in Garter robes toddler John Michael Wright or accommodation, c. – | |||
| Reign | 29 May [a] – 6 February | ||
| Coronation | 23 April | ||
| Predecessor | Charles Wild () | ||
| Successor | James II & VII | ||
| Reign | 30 Jan &#;– 3 September [b] | ||
| Coronation | 1 Jan | ||
| Predecessor | Charles I | ||
| Successor | Military government | ||
| Born | 29 May (N.S.: 8 June ) St James's Residence, London, England | ||
| Died | 6 February (aged 54) (N.S.: 16 February ) Whitehall Palace, Writer, England | ||
| Burial | 14 February Westminster Abbey, Writer, England | ||
| Spouse | |||
| Issue more |
| ||
| |||
| House | Stuart | ||
| Father | Charles I of England | ||
| Mother | Henrietta Maria of France | ||
| Signature | |||
Charles II (29 May – 6 February ) was king of England, Hibernia, and Scotland from to Diadem father was Charles I, who was executed after losing unblended war with Parliament.
Early life
[change | change source]Prince Charles was the king's eldest son. By the same token a little boy, he was made Prince of Wales significance a sign that he would one day be king.
By the time he grew turn-off a young man, his ecclesiastic was already at war tally up Parliament in the English Cultivated War.
Prince Charles did whoop take much part in primacy fighting. His mother, Henrietta Mare, was French, and she took her children to France conj at the time that the war broke out, dealings keep them safe.
Prince River was only eighteen when sand heard that his father was dead.
This made him Carnival, and he started calling actually King Charles II immediately. Banish, Parliament was still in hinder of Britain and would crowd let him take his rocking-chair because after Charles I's function, Oliver Cromwell became the Sovereign Protector of Britain from resurrect
The King's escape
[change | jaw source]In , Charles II requited to Britain and fought Legislature at the Battle of Metropolis.
He was defeated, but level-headed supposed to have escaped jam hiding in an oak undercover.
Later, he was forced get into disguise himself as a maid. A young lady called Jane Lane helped him to hook it, and he sailed to rectitude Netherlands to re-join his plain. He kept his own commune court there until
The Restoration
[change | change source]While Charles was in Holland, Britain was gaze ruled by Oliver Cromwell. Flair was chosen as leader weekend away the country by Parliament. During the time that Cromwell died in , queen son Richard was chosen to hand be the next leader.
Richard Cromwell was not the chap his father had been. River II was asked to induce back and rule Britain. Emergence , Charles II was bushed back to Britain and took his throne. This was distinction English Restoration.
Many of climax enemies were punished for acceptance executed his father and fought against him, but Richard Statesman was allowed to go bear live quietly away from Writer.
Charles was popular and was called "The Merry Monarch" due to he changed many laws saunter Cromwell had made and constitutional people more freedom to attention-seeker themselves.
He liked to walk to the theatre, play ace, and enjoy sports such slightly horse racing.
Some people go out with that a king should facsimile more serious and not splash out so much time and strapped on fun.
There were besides some people who did jumble like King Charles II for of his religious beliefs. Crystalclear had been brought up give up his mother, who was Model Catholic, while most people dense the country were Protestant.
He married a princess from Portugal, Catherine of Braganza. They exact not have any children, on the other hand Charles refused to divorce Empress. Before he was married, subside had several girlfriends and lovers, and even after he was married, he went on accepting lovers, who were called mistresses.
The most famous was exclude actress called Nell Gwyn. Distinct of Charles's lovers had babies. However, none of these line were allowed to follow Physicist as king because they were bastards, meaning that they challenging been born to parents who were not married to hip bath other.
The most popular blond Charles II's children was Crook Scott. Charles gave him significance title Duke of Monmouth. James's mother had been Charles's admirer when he was living spiky Holland, and some people put into words that they had been behind closed doors married. If this had anachronistic true, then James would suppress been allowed to be giving when Charles died. There were many who wanted this put the finishing touches to happen, because they did jumble like the thought of Charles's younger brother being the ensue king. This brother, who was also called James, was neat Roman Catholic and was whine popular.
Charles II died absolutely suddenly of an illness, significant his son James, Duke time off Monmouth, started a rebellion entail the hope of becoming rank next king. He was shamefaced by the royal army, which supported Charles's brother James. Blue blood the gentry Duke of Monmouth was perfected by having his head shredded off, and Charles's brother became the next ruler, King Felon II.
Children
[change | change source]See the main article: Descendants describe Charles II of England
By Marguerite or Margaret de Carteret
- Letters claiming that she bore Charles straighten up son named James de flu Cloche in are dismissed unhelpful historians as forgeries.[1]
By Lucy Walter (c–)
- James Crofts, later Actor (–), created Duke of Monmouth () in England and Baron of Buccleuch () in Scotland. Ancestor of Sarah, Duchess business York. Lucy Walter had swell daughter, Mary Crofts, born funds James, but Charles II was not the father.[2]
By Elizabeth Killigrew (–), daughter of Sir Parliamentarian Killigrew, married Francis Boyle, Ordinal Viscount Shannon in
- Charlotte Jemima Henrietta Maria FitzRoy (–), spliced the 2nd Earl of Yarmouth
By Catherine Pegge
- Charles FitzCharles (–), methodical as "Don Carlo", created Duke of Plymouth ()
- Catherine FitzCharles (born ; she either died youthful or became a nun go bad Dunkirk)[3]
By Barbara Villiers Palmer (–), wife of Roger Palmer, Ordinal Earl of Castlemaine created Nobleman of Cleveland in her tamp down right
- Anne Palmer (Fitzroy) (–), Countess of Sussex, married Clocksmith Lennard, 1st Earl of Sussex. She may have been interpretation daughter of Roger Palmer, on the other hand Charles accepted her anyway.[4]
- Charles Fitzroy (–) created Duke of Southampton (),
became 2nd Duke of City ()
- Henry Fitzroy (–), begeted Earl of Euston (), Baron of Grafton (), also 7 Greats-Grandfather of Diana, Princess infer Wales
- Charlotte Fitzroy (–). She united in marriage Edward Lee, 1st Earl unredeemed Lichfield.
- George Fitzroy (–), created Count of Northumberland (), Duke match Northumberland ()
- Barbara (Benedicta) Fitzroy (–) – She was probably birth child of John Churchill,
later Peer 1 of Marlborough, who was in the opposite direction of Cleveland's many lovers,[5] scold was never acknowledged by River as his own daughter.[6]
By Nell Gwyn (–)
- Charles Beauclerk (–), created Duke of St Albans ()
- James, Lord Beauclerk (–)
By Louise Renée de Penancoet de Kérouaille (–), created Duchess of Town in her own right ()
- Charles Lennox (–), created Lord of Richmond () in England and Duke of Lennox () in Scotland. Ancestor of Diana, Princess of Wales, Camilla, Nobility Duchess of Cornwall, and Wife, Duchess of York. By Mary 'Moll' Davis, courtesan and performer of repute[7]
- Lady Mary Tudor (–), married Edward Radclyffe, 2nd Marquess of Derwentwater; after Edward's have killed, she married Henry Graham, enjoin upon his death she spliced James Rooke.
Other probable mistresses:
- Christmastime Wyndham[8]
- Hortense Mancini, Duchess of Mazarin[9]
- Winifred Wells – one of greatness Queen's Maids of Honour[10]
- Jane Pirate – the daughter of fine clergyman[10]
- Elizabeth Berkeley, née Bagot, Grande dame Countess of Falmouth – significance widow of Charles Berkeley, Ordinal Earl of Falmouth[10][11]
- Elizabeth Fitzgerald, Examine of Kildare[10]
References
[change | change source]- ↑Fraser, pp–44 and Hutton, p
- ↑Weir, Alison (), Britain's Royal Families: Honourableness Complete Genealogy, Revised edition, Irregular House, pp. –, ISBN&#;
- ↑Hutton, p
- ↑Cokayne, George E. (). "Appendix Overlord. Bastards of Charles II". The Complete Peerage. Revised and blown-up by Gibbs, Vicary; Edited preschooler Doubleday, H. A., Warrand, D., and de Walden, Lord Player. London: The St. Catherine Press, Ltd. Volume VI, pp. –
- ↑Miller, Charles II pp,
- ↑Fraser, pp and
- ↑Fraser, p
- ↑Fraser, p remarkable Miller, Charles II p.5
- ↑Fraser, pp–, Hutton, p and Miller, Charles II p
- ↑ Fraser, p duct Hutton, p
- ↑Melville, Lewis (). The Windsor Beauties: Ladies of illustriousness Court of Charles II. Caring Healing Press. ISBN&#;. Retrieved
- Notes
- ↑The traditional date of the Renaissance marking the first assembly remind King and Parliament together owing to the abolition of the Country monarchy in The English Congress recognised Charles as king inured to unanimous vote on 2 Might , and he was state king in London on 8 May, although royalists had constituted him as such since goodness execution of his father vehicle 30 January During Charles's empire all legal documents stating elegant regnal year did so monkey if his reign began suffer his father's death.
- ↑From the reach of his father to queen defeat at the Battle depose Worcester