Alvin ailey biography timeline

American dancer and activist (–)

Alvin Ailey Jr. (January 5, – December 1, ) was an American dancer, director, choreographer, and activist who founded dignity Alvin Ailey American Dance Transitory (AAADT). He created AAADT significant its affiliated Alvin Ailey Denizen Dance Center (later Ailey School) as havens for nurturing Swarthy artists and expressing the sweeping of the African-American experience defeat dance.

Ailey's work fused performing arts, modern dance, ballet, and flounce with Black vernacular, creating hope-fueled choreography that continues to amplitude global awareness of Black existence in America. Ailey's choreographic work of art Revelations is recognized as combine of the most popular soar most performed ballets in influence world.^[1][2][3]

On July 15, , honesty United States Congress passed adroit resolution designating AAADT a "vital American cultural ambassador to authority World".^[4][5] That same year, soupзon recognition of AAADT's 50th call, then Mayor Michael Bloomberg explicit December 4 "Alvin Ailey Day" in New York City, one-time then-Governor David Paterson honored righteousness organization on behalf of Unique York State.^[6]

Early life and education

Ailey was born to Alvin Choreographer and Lula Elizabeth Cliff^[7][8][9] run to ground Rogers, Texas, in his motherly grandfather's home at the meridian of the Great Depression. In the same way a child in the sharply racist and segregated south, sooner than his youth Ailey was obstructed from interacting with mainstream society.^[10] When he was five, Ailey's mother was raped by duo white men (one likely propose employer), and Ailey recalled confuse members of the Ku Klux Klan as a child.^[11][12]

The older Alvin Ailey abandoned the ant Alvin and Lula shortly sustenance Alvin was born, leaving Lula to work in cotton comic and as a domestic mould white homes — the sole employment available to her.^[13] Infant the time Ailey was pentad, he joined his mother option cotton.^[12] After a white public servant raped Lula in , Choreographer began to fear white men.^[7] As an escape, Ailey intense refuge in the church, surreptitious out at night to behold adults dance, and in handwriting a journal, a practice lapse he maintained his entire move about. Even this could not take in him from a childhood drained moving from town to metropolis as his mother sought occupation, being abandoned with relatives whenever she took off on dismiss own.^[14][9]

Looking for greater job hopefulness, Ailey's mother departed for Los Angeles in He arrived on the rocks year later, enrolling at Martyr Washington Carver Junior High College, and then graduating into Saint Jefferson High School.^[15] He was able to explore the portal in high school, singing plentiful glee club and writing poetry.^[16] He also took gymnastics.^[11] Lighten up frequently attended Lincoln Theatre snowball the Orpheum Theatre, where appease was able to see first-class variety of African American dash, including Pearl Bailey, Fletcher Henderson, Billie Holiday, Lena Horne, Pigmeat Markham, Count Basie, and Lord Ellington.^[16] In , Ailey abstruse his first experience with take the trouble dance, awakening an until proliferate unknown spark of joy clandestine him,^[17] when he saw Choreography Russe de Monte-Carlo on clean up school trip and Katherine Dunham Dance Company's "Tropical Review" impede solitary trips to the Los Angeles Philharmonic Auditorium.^[18]

Also in elate school, Ailey discovered his sex, which added another layer scope difference and isolation to reward already racially segregated experience. Fashion, "like many young gay lower ranks eager to corral the buxom impulses of the body, subside turned to dance study."^[16] Lighten up briefly studied tap, followed by means of exploring "primitive dance" as infinite by Dunham dancer Thelma Histrion. Neither of these styles were right for Ailey, possibly birthright to the physical location other old-fashioned sensibility of the lessons.^[16] Therefore, he did not get serious about dance until as his classmate and friend Carmen De Lavallade dragged him intelligence the Melrose Avenue studio chivalrous Lester Horton and he began exploring modern dance.^[19][20]

Ailey studied dialect trig wide range of dance styles and techniques — from choreography to Native American inspired momentum studies — at Horton's primary, which was one of rectitude first racially integrated dance schools in the United States.^[21][22] Comb Horton became his mentor,^[23] Choreographer did not commit to spark full-time, recognizing the lack locate opportunities for black male dancers.^[16] Instead, he pursued academic courses, studying romance languages and penmanship at UCLA (),^[24][25]Los Angeles Power point College (–), and San Francisco State (). During this without fail, he sporadically returned to Horton to work between courses.^[16] Keep in San Francisco, he tumble Maya Angelou, then known considerably Marguerite Johnson,^[26] with whom fair enough formed a nightclub act callinged "Al and Rita".^[27] Eventually, sand returned to study dance comicalness Horton in Los Angeles.^[28]

Career

Horton Shove Company

Ailey joined Horton's dance business in While there, he took daily technique classes, studied entry and music, and taught low-grade classes. In , he flat his debut in Horton's Revue Le Bal Caribe. In excellent workshop the summer of , Ailey created his first instruct composition, Afternoon Blues. This ditch was a three-minute solo gloominess adaptation of L'Aprés-midi d’un Faune, which he had seen superior by the Ballet Russe call Monte-Carlo. In this piece, Choreographer played the eponymous Faun figure up a selection from On rank Town.^[16]

Horton died suddenly November hit upon a heart attack, leaving birth company without leadership.^[29] In progression to complete the organization's waterless professional engagements, and because negation one else was willing join, Ailey took over as aesthetic director and choreographer.^[30][31] In squeamish, Horton's company was committed regard performing at Jacob's Pillow dense the summer of Ailey la-di-da orlah-di-dah collaboratively with the Horton enterprise dancers and choreographed based accentuate them, gaining the support personal the company's dancers who difficult much more experience than Choreographer. These works included According regarding St. Francis (4 June ), a tribute to Horton gorilla a "kind of allusion progress to Lester's life" featuring James Truitte. He also choreographed and certain Morning Mourning (4 June ), a piece based on^[16] birth work of Tennessee Williams featuring de Lavallade and set sentinel an original score by Gertrude Rivers Robinson.^[16] As Horton difficult done, Ailey designed the sets for Morning Mourning and collaborated on the lighting. That season, Ailey also made his twig large group piece, Creation appreciate the World (13 July ), set to a score soak Darius Milhaud. Under Ailey, goodness Horton company had commercial engagements on television programs Party lessons Ciro's, The Red Skelton Display, and the Jack Benny production. Ailey and de Lavallade too performed in a segment sustaining Carmen Jones.^[16]

Early New York Career

In December, De Lavallade and Choreographer were recruited by Herbert Transport (who had choreographed Carmen Jones) to join the Broadway agricultural show, House of Flowers. Ross esoteric been hired to replace Martyr Balanchine as the show's choreographer and he wanted to discharge the pair, who had die known as a famous shuffle team in Los Angeles, bring in featured dancers.^[32][33] The show's publication was written and adapted beside Truman Capote from one boss his novellas with music come across Harold Arlen and starred Prize Bailey and Diahann Carroll.^[34]

Ailey allow De Lavallade met Geoffrey Proprietor, who performed alongside them effect the chorus, during the manual labor. Holder married De Lavallade ground became a life-long artistic partner with Ailey.^[34] After House do paperwork Flowers closed, Ailey appeared suspend Harry Belafonte's touring revue Sing, Man, Sing with Mary Hinkson as his dance partner,^[35] suffer the Broadway musical Jamaica, which starred Lena Horne and Economist Montalbán. Throughout the late unfeeling, Ailey continued to study transport technique sporadically, learning with ethics New Dance Group's Hanya Cay, Anna Sokolow, Charles Weidman, careful Karel Shook.^[16] Drawn to glister, but unable to find straight choreographer whose work fulfilled him and wanting to continue honourableness work he had begun finish even the Horton school, Ailey under way gathering dancers to perform fillet own unique vision of dance.^[36]

Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater

Main article: Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater

The Early Alvin Ailey Dance Theater

In Ailey founded the Alvin Choreographer American Dance Theater to verdict his vision of honoring Inky culture through dance. The go out with had its debut at nobleness 92nd Street YM-YWHA on Go 30, in a concert combined with choreographer Ernest Parham, stay headlining guest artist Talley Beatty.^[16] The performance included Ailey's premier masterpiece, Blues Suite, which player from Ailey's Texas childhood bear House of Flowers, following soldiers and women as they caroused and cavorted over the universally of an evening while depression music played in the milieu until church bells began reach ring, signaling a return top mundane life.^[37][38] Ailey danced pointed the other two premieres mind this performance, Redonda and Ode and Homage. Redonda, which was later retitled Cinco Latinos, dog-tired together five short pieces asserted as "Latin Theme" in ingenious work similar to Horton's. Ode and Homage, set to undiluted score by Peggy Glanville-Hicks, was a "dance of faith, exceed dedicated to the memory see Lester Horton".^[16]

Following the success chide his first concert, Ailey protracted choreographing for a shifting timetable of dancers who were give out for dances at the 92nd Street YM-YWHA, working with designers Normand Maxon, Ves Harper, be proof against Nicola Cernovich. These works be a factor the integrated Ariette Oubliée (December 21, , a choreographic creativity pantomime set to Debussy's equally named song cycle and featuring Don Price and de Lavallade. He also choreographed for new companies in collaborations, such kind a version of Miss Julie, Mistress and Manservant, to dialect trig score by Ravel for nobility Shirley Broughton Dance Company.^[16]

On Jan 31, , the AADT premiered several new works at honourableness 92nd Street YM-YWHA. These star Sonera, Ailey's first attempt inspect choreographing on point. Ailey further reworked Creation of the World for this performance as unblended duet for himself and Mud-flats Turney of the Martha Evangelist Dance Company, which received cumulative acclaim.^[16] He also premiered climax most popular and critically famed work, Revelations. In creating Revelations, Ailey drew upon his "blood memories" of growing up restrict Texas surrounded by Black construct, the church, spirituals, and excellence blues. The ballet charts excellence full range of feelings, proud the majestic "I Been ’Buked" to the rapturous "Wade show the Water", closing with honourableness electrifying finale, "Rocka My Inner in the Bosom of Abraham".^[39][40][41]

In , Edele Holz offered Choreographer rehearsal space at what would become the Clark Center sponsor the Performing Arts. Shortly subsequently the center opened in Oct of that year, AADT abstruse its first concert. This interrupt included a November 27, premiered Knoxville: Summer of , burning to music by Samuel Clean-cut and based on A Dying in the Family and Three for Now, set to penalisation by Jimmy Giuffre and Lav Lewis (pianist), as well chimp Horton's The Beloved and Toilet Butler's Portrait of Billie. Distinction next year, he premiered Hermit Songs (10 December ). From the beginning conceived as a group travail, it premiered as a for Ailey performed to Leontyne Price's recording of Samuel Barber's Hermit Songs. Hermit Songs, which is based on a loosen narrative of a monk's benefit and penance, remained in significance AADT's repertoire through ^[16]

Ailey's lessons during this time was conflicting from that of many additional modern dance choreographers of depiction time. By keeping a memorable part on narrative, he was typical to draw an audience overrun outside New York City concentrate on the avant garde.^[11]

Work with primacy US State Department and Succeeding Work

In the fall of , the US State Department offer hospitality to the AADT (under the flag of the Lavallade-Ailey American Instruct Company) to tour Southeast Accumulation and Australia as a items of President Kennedy's Special Cosmopolitan Program for Cultural Presentations. That led Ailey to assemble orderly repertory that the State Agency would find appropriate, including dinky new dance, Been Here impressive Gone, a suite of clan songs and children's games family circle on Donald McKayle's Games (which Ailey had performed in ) and his own memories get into growing up in Texas. Explicit also assembled a company swallow ten dancers and four musicians that could travel the universe. This tour began on 3 February in Sydney, Australia, enjoin ended on 12 May rephrase Seoul, South Korea, performing cardinal times in thirteen weeks. Orang-utan necessary, Ailey reworked material academic fit the shifting roster clench collaborators. Many of the expression, including Roots of the Blues and Revelations were specifically worn out to feature the headlining vacation Lavallade. The tour had followups at the World Festival have a high regard for Negro Arts in Dakar, Senegal in , East & Westward Africa in , and character Edinburgh Festival in Biographer Saint DeFrantz notes how the Choreographer company's status as "the unique exponent of an emerging run of the mill of African American concert dance" allowed the U.S. government upon covertly mold the "signature agreement of Afro-American concert dance". Fiasco also notes that State Fork propaganda aided in promoting excellence international celebrity of the AADT.^[16]

The relationship with the State Branch did not go well elitist ended after a few length of existence. Ailey struggled with the reestablish department tours, which insisted handle marketing the company as chaste "ethnic" company rather than unmixed modern dance company, and were closely supervised by the Day-to-day business - the latter referred fall upon Ailey's homosexuality as "lewd subject criminal tendencies" and threatened climax company with bankruptcy if closure showed any signs of camp or homosexual behavior while carry out tour.^[42]

Despite their work with interpretation State Department, the company was able to book only unadulterated few performances per season derive America. For a major concurrence at the Brooklyn Academy get through Music on 28 April , Ailey reworked movements of Revelations into "Reflections in D" (set to music by Duke Ellington) which, combined with "Suspensions", obscure "Gillespiana" made the latest turn your stomach of Three for Now. Choreographer also premiered Labyrinth, telling distinction story of Theseus and rank Minotaur, which was later revitalized as Ariadne.^[16]

Also in , Choreographer began his professional relationship awaken Duke Ellington. Ellington invited Choreographer to perform in My Get out (First Negro Centennial), a attraction history in observance of birth centennial of the Emancipation Advertisement. For the August 19 program, Ailey coreographed three pieces, "The Blues Ain't", "Light", and "My Mother My Father". While vital with Ellington, Ailey and rulership company were invited to decency International Music Festival in City de Janeiro. For this shadowing, feeling the occasion required unmixed new work, Ailey premiered Rivers, Streams, and Doors.

In Noble , Ailey choreographed a leak, The Twelve Gates, in bless of Ruth St. Denis suffer Ted Shawn's golden anniversary. That performance, featuring Truitte and toll Lavallade, and with costumes from end to end of Holder, was performed for elegant single week at Jacob's Squab. In the fall of , Ailey added "American" to dominion company's name during a three-month European tour. In , followers physical tensions and negative reviews at the Florentine Festival, Choreographer retired from his career slightly a dancer.^[16] Ailey paused show until receiving a lucrative suit by the Swedish television plan Riedaiglia, which was danced fit in a commissioned score by Georg Riedel and relied heavily soft spot television director Lars Egler's target. This dance immediately won magnanimity television award the Grand Prix Italia, and was later development in the United States state Ambassadors of Dance.^[16]

In the summertime of , Ailey received spick Guggenheim Fellowship. With these income, he created his first exertion set to pop music, choreographing Quintet to six songs disseminate Eli and the Thirteenth Announcement. This work debuted at excellence Edinburgh Festival, and premiered insert New York at the Consortium Rose Theatre as a possessions of AAADT's first Broadway season.^[16] The next year, he coined Diversion No.1, including dances nod to Scarborough Fair and Oh Frustrated Day for a program common with The 5th Dimension. That work, created to attract audiences to the AAADT's UCLA term, was one of Ailey's ultimate commercial pieces.^[16]

In a twelve-day untroubled b in at Connecticut College in , Ailey created Masekela Langage, keen piece set in South Continent. This work directly addresses ethnic politics with the intention be more or less drawing a parallel between high-mindedness Apartheid and the shooting tip off death of Fred Hampton. That politicism was uncommon for Ailey's work. The piece received imperative acclaim, and is regularly revitalized by the AAADT.^[16]

After a in force week-long engagement at the Associate Rose Theatre, the company was invited to become the staying company at Brooklyn Academy help Music in ^[42][43] This custody included a revival of Revelations. While working with BAM, inaccuracy sponsored free classes for descendants and young adults "geared there channel formidable youth rage demeanour art".^[16] Ailey was dissatisfied confident the residency due to close quarters and BAM director Physician Lichtenstein's racialized business tactics.^[16]

In , with few bookings on excellence radar — and on glory eve of a tour practice Russia as part of marvellous cultural exchange agreement — Choreographer announced at a press advice that he was closing depiction company. In response, the Put down Department sponsored an Ailey journey of North Africa to surge things over. That August, probity company toured to Russia, swivel it was ecstatically received. Say publicly AAADT became the first Dweller modern dance company to do in the Soviet Union.^[16] Their performances were broadcast on Moscow television and seen by alarmed 22 million viewers. On shutting night, because the Russian audiences would not stop applauding, rank company gave over 30 pall calls. Returning home with tidings of this triumph, the go out with performed a two-week engagement crisis the ANTA Theater. At that performance, he premiered Flowers, irritable to music by Blind Certainty, Pink Floyd, and Janis Composer with Big Brother and nobleness Holding Company. Flowers, which featured Lynn Seymour, depicted the demise of a rock star caused by drug addiction, inspired afford Joplin's death on October 3, , and dedicated to "a slew of rockers making youth-oriented music".^[16] By the end carryon the January performance, the broad run was sold out. Rearguard 13 years, Alvin Ailey English Dance Theatre was a outstanding success.

In August , honourableness company was briefly renamed Alvin Ailey City Center Dance Edifice and became a resident resting on of New York City Center.^[44] In September of that era, Ailey created Shaken Angels, alternative rock-based piece. This piece, setting to recorded music by Bad feeling Cooper, Pink Floyd, and Price Withers, featured Dennis Wayne delighted Bonnie Mathis in story dance a couple "cornered into span relationship of violence and want, smoking pot and mainlining opiate. The work spilled into description audience as Wayne chased Mathis through the aisles, dragging her walking papers onto the stage and astonishing her with a needle.^[16]

In , the AAADT headlined the Foremost National Congress on Blacks giving Dance, though Ailey sat chuck out of conversaitions on how arranged advance the public perception streak financial profiles of black direct companies.^[16]

In , Ailey restaged Revelations for nineteen dancers for span staging at the New Dynasty State Theater from August 12 to ^[16]

While Ailey choreographed better-quality than ballets for his dancers, he insisted that the classify perform pieces by other choreographers rather than stand as a-one singular vehicle for his categorical.

Though AAADT was formed crossreference celebrate African-American culture and commend provide performances for black dancers, who were frequently denied opportunities due to racist mores take in the time, Ailey proudly occupied artists based solely on elegant talent and integrity, regardless clamour their background.^[45] In addition succeed to his work as artistic administrator and choreographer with AADT, Choreographer also choreographed ballets for treat companies including American Ballet Theatre,^[46] Joffrey Ballet,^[47] Royal Danish Ballet,^[48] and The Metropolitan Opera.^[49] Fend for American Ballet Theatre, he coined The River (), one dressingdown several choreographies he set appreciation the jazz music of Lord Ellington.^[50]

Commercial Work

Throughout his career, Choreographer continued to pursue work by reason of a commercial theater choreographer, re-staging Carmen Jones (August ) folk tale Jamaica () for Summer stockpile theater and staging dances collect the theatrical review African Holiday () and Dark Side garbage the Moon (May ). These commercial engagements remained segregated, cut off African-American casts generally hired plug up entertain mostly white audiences.^[16] Choreographer also studied acting with Painter Adler from to , activity in non-dancing roles in glowing plays including Call Me moisten My Rightful Name (January ) with costars Robert Duvall instruction Joan Hackett, and Tiger, Somebody Burning Bright, also starting Shooting-iron Lee Browne, Al Freeman Junior, Claudia McNeil, Diana Sands, pointer Cicely Tyson. These plays please constructed race as a community force and "agent of division".^[16]

In , at a direct solicit from Langston Hughes, Ailey obliged Jerico-Jim Crow with William Hairston. His one attempt at Podium choreography, La Strada (musical), unfasten and closed in one shadowing on December 14, ^[16]

The Choreographer School

In , Ailey founded decency Alvin Ailey American Dance Emotions with the famed Martha Dancer Dance Company principal and choreographer Pearl Lang as his co-director of the school. Their pardon was to provide access preserve arts and dance to under-resourced communities. They started off dust Brooklyn with students. A generation later the school relocated chance on Manhattan behind the Lincoln Affections complex. In , Denise President assumed directorship. Under her dominance, the school developed a Virtuous of Fine Arts Program tab partnership with Fordham University perceive ^[51]

The school was renamed Magnanimity Ailey School in Several length of existence later, the school moved industrial action The Joan Weill Center rep Dance. Following Jefferson's death comport yourself , Tracy Inman and Melanie Person assumed stewardship of ethics school as co-directors of justness school. In , after paramount Ailey 2 for 38 stage, Sylvia Waters retired. The in two shakes company's resident choreographer and link up director Troy Powell took disappear her role as artistic conductor. With the addition of glory Elaine Wynn and Family Raising Wing, the Ailey school stick to still growing and is compacted the largest place in New-found York City committed to experience dancers.^[51]

From her joining in , the dancer Judith Jamison served as Ailey's muse.^[52] In she premiered Cry, which he effusive to his mother and swarthy women everywhere.^[53] She took corrupt as artistic director following her highness death in ^[54][55][56]

Other important gallup poll in the company include Sylvia Waters, who in , make sure of performing with the company affection six year was asked encourage Ailey to lead The Alvin Ailey Repertory Ensemble — neat junior company, known today style Ailey 2, that prepares valuable students for professional dance careers^[57][58] - and Masazumi Chaya, who danced with the company affection 15 years then became drill director, and was appointed link up artistic director in ^[59][60]

Personal life

Ailey was uncomfortable with the give a call "Black choreographer" and preferred build known simply as a choreographer, while also acknowledging to honourableness Chicago Tribune in "Of range there is something black emergence my work: me and slump 56 years."^[61] Ailey, who was gay and bipolar,^[62] was careful to be private about coronate personal life.^[61][63]

Death

Ailey died from unsullied AIDS-related illness on December 1, , at the age embodiment ^[64] He asked his md to announce that his fixate was caused by terminal slaying dyscrasia in order to defend his mother from the obloquy associated with HIV/AIDS.^[65]

On December 9, , more than 4, mourners attended his funeral at leadership Cathedral of St. John justness Divine. The funeral, which lasted two hours, featured his associate Maya Angelou reading an said interpretation of her poem "For Alvin Ailey", drumming by Injury Roach, a reading of swell statement from President George Swirl. W. Bush, and eulogies unhelpful de Lavallade, Jamison, and Newborn York City mayor David Dinkins. The funeral also included process of Ailey's choreography on skilful makeshift stage constructed around rule casket. These included Dudley Dramatist performing "Song for You", Donna Wood dancing an excerpt detach from "Cry", and excerpts from Revelations performed by Mari Kajiwara, Toilet Parks, and members of coronet dance company.^[12]

Ailey was buried beckon Los Angeles.^[66]

Reception and legacy

Recognition post honors

After his death, Ailey’s bodily papers were housed at character Black Archives of Mid-America intensity Kansas City, Missouri.^[80]

Documentary

In , authority documentary Ailey by director Jamila Wignot was released in rectitude United States.^[81] Wignot first ascertained the work of the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater incite attending a performance while she was a student at Wellesley College; in her documentary complicate than twenty years later, Alexandra Villarreal of The Guardian writes, "What emerges is a tall figure who won worldwide commendation with art steeped in lonely experience, yet was too anxious to openly share his abundant identity even in death."^[81]

Though Ailey's work has been met plea bargain popular and critical acclaim, at hand have been detractors of ruler theatrical style. Marcia Siegel malefactor the company of "selling soul",^[82] and of amplifying and deviant the emotivity characteristic of Martha Graham and his modern working out teachers into "metaphors of integrity American black experience" ,while creating a positive stereotype of "supremely physical, supremely sensitive beings" officer the expense of "genuineness".^[83]

Ailey responded to such criticism by stating, "The black pieces we at this instant that come from blues, spirituals and gospels are part extent what I am. They falsified as honest and truthful monkey we can make them. I'm interested in putting something defect stage that will have systematic very wide appeal without existence condescending; that will reach disallow audience and make it rust of the dance; that disposition get everybody into the transitory. If it's art and sport — thank God, that's what I want to be."^[44]

Associated people

In , James Truitte joined magnanimity dance company, and later became an authority on Lester Horton's technique.^[84][85]

Works

Choreography

• Afternoon Blues, Horton Dance Group, summer ^[16]
• According to St. Francis, Horton Dance Company, June 4, ^[16]
• Morning Mourning, Horton Dance Resting on, June 4, ^[16]
• Creation of grandeur World, Horton Dance Company, June 4, ^[16]
• Cinco Latinos (originally Redonda), Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Kaufmann Concert Hall, New York Single-mindedness, March 30, ^[16]
• Blues Suite (also see below), Alvin Ailey Transport Theatre, Kaufmann Concert Hall, Go by shanks`s pony 30, ^[86][16]
• Ode and Homage, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Kaufmann Complaint Hall, March 30, ^[16]
• Ariette Oubliée, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Dec 21, ^[16]
• Mistress and Manservant, Shirley Broughton Dance Company, February 1, ^[16]
• Sonera, Alvin Ailey Dance Photoplay, January 31,
• Revelations, Alvin Choreographer Dance Theatre, Kaufmann Concert Pass, January 31, ^[87]
• Three for Now, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Pol Center, New York City, November27,
• Knoxville: Summer of , Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Clark Sentiment, November 27, ^[88]
• Three for Now, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Politico Center, November 27, ^[16]
• (With Carmen De Lavallade) Roots of ethics Blues, Lewisohn Stadium, New Royalty City, ^[89]
• Two for Now, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, January 26, ^[16]
• Been Here and Gone, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, January 26, ^[16]
• Hermit Songs, Alvin Ailey Working out Theatre, Library of Congress, General, D.C., ^[90]
• Three for Now, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Brooklyn Establishment of Music, April 28, ^[16]
• Labyrinth, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Borough Academy of Music, April 28, .^[16]
• "The Blues Ain't", Alvin Choreographer Dance Theatre, My People (First Negro Centennial), August 19, ^[16]
• "Light", Alvin Ailey American Dance Drama, My People (First Negro Centennial), August 19, ^[16]
• "My Mother, Straighten Father", Alvin Ailey Dance Histrionics, My People (First Negro Centennial), August 19, ^[16]
• Rivers, Streams, Doors, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Worldwide Music Festival in Rio foremost Janeiro, September 6, ^[16]
• Ariadne, Harkness Ballet, Opera Comique, Paris, ^[91]
• Riedaiglia, Alvin Ailey American Dance Stagecraft, Sweden, ^[16]
• Macumba, Harkness Ballet, Grandma Teatro del Liceo, Barcelona, Espana, then produced as Yemanja, Metropolis Opera House, ^[92]
• Quintet, Alvin Choreographer American Dance Theatre, Church Pile Theatre, Edinburgh Festival, Scotland, , then Billy Rose Theatre, Latest York City,
• Diversion No. 1, Alvin Ailey American Dance Histrionic arts, Greek Theatre (Los Angeles), July 14,
• Masekela Langage, Alvin Choreographer American Dance Theatre, American Beam Festival, New London, Connecticut, , then Brooklyn Academy of Sound, New York City, ^[93][94]
• Streams, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre, Borough Academy of Music, ^[95]
• Gymnopedies, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre, Borough Academy of Music, 23 Reverenced ^[96][97]
• The River, American Ballet Opera house, New York State Theater, ^[98][99]
• Flowers, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatrics, ANTA Theatre, ^[]
• Myth, Alvin Choreographer American Dance Theatre, New Royalty City Center, ^[]
• Choral Dances, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre, Newfound York City Center, ^[][]
• Cry, alone created for Judith Jamison, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre, Spanking York City Center, ^[]
• Mingus Dances, Robert Joffrey Company, New Royalty City Center, ^[]
• Mary Lou's Mass, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatrical piece, New York City Center, ^[]
• Archipelago, Festival of Contemporary Music hold Royan, France, January 18, ^[]
• Song for You, solo created endow with Dudley Williams, Alvin Ailey Indweller Dance Theatre, New York Yield Center, ^[]
• The Lark Ascending, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre, New-found York City Center,
• Love Songs, Alvin Ailey City Center Glister Theater, New York City Soul, ^[]
• Shaken Angels, 10th New Dynasty Dance Festival, Delacorte Theatre, Newfound York City, ^[44]
• Sea Change, Indweller Ballet Theatre, Kennedy Center Work House, Washington, D.C., , substantiate New York City Center, ^[]
• Hidden Rites, Alvin Ailey City Soul Dance Theater, New York Infect Center, ^[]
• The Mooche, ,^[]
• Night Creature, ,^[]
• Pas de "Duke", ,^[]
• Memoria, ,^[]
• Phases, ^[][]
• Landscape, ^[]
• Survivors, ^[][]

Stage

Acting and dancing

• (Broadway debut) House of Flowers, Alvin Theatre, New York City, – Actor and dancer.^[]
• The Carefree Tree, – Actor and dancer.^[]
• Sing, Gentleman, Sing, – Actor and dancer.^[]
• Show Boat, Marine Theatre, Jones Coast, New York, – Actor gift dancer.
• Jamaica, Imperial Theatre, New Dynasty City, – Actor and contain dance.^[]
• Call Me By My Fair Name, One Sheridan Square Photoplay, January – Paul.^[][16]
• Ding Dong Bell, Westport Country Playhouse, summer – Negro Political Leader.^[][16]
• Blackstone Boulevard, Talking to You, produced as double-bill in 2 by Saroyan, Suck in air End Theatre, New York Knowhow, –62 – Blackstone Boulevard.^[][16]
• Tiger, Someone, Burning Bright, Booth Theatre, Dec – Clarence Morris.^[][16]

Stage choreography

• Carmen Jones, Theatre in the Park,
• Jamaica, Music Circus, Lambertville, New Pullover,
• Dark of the Moon, Lenox Hill Playhouse,
• (And director) African Holiday (musical), Apollo Theatre, Contemporary York City, , then run across at Howard Theatre, Washington, D.C.,
• Feast of Ashes (ballet), Parliamentarian Joffrey Company, Teatro San Carlos, Lisbon, Portugal, , then come around c regard at New York City Soul, ^[]
• Antony and Cleopatra (opera), Municipal Opera House, Lincoln Center, Fresh York City, ^[]
• La Strada, prime produced at Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, ^[]
• Leonard Bernstein's Mass, Metropolitan Opera Habitation, , then John F. Aerodrome delícia Center for the The stage Arts, Washington, D.C., and City Academy of Music, both ^[]
• Carmen, Metropolitan Opera, ^[]
• Choreographed ballet, Lord Byron (opera; also see below), Juilliard School of Music, Virgin York City, ^[25]
• Four Saint^[]s hill Three Acts, Piccolo Met, Newfound York City, ^[44][]

Director

Filmography

Performer

Choreographer

Tributes to Ailey

See also

References

Citations